Maths formulas # 02 :)
PROFIT AND LOSS
IMPORTANT FACTS
Cost Price:
The price, at which an article is purchased, is called
its cost price, abbreviated as C.P.
Selling Price:
The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling
prices, abbreviated as S.P.
Profit or Gain:
If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have
a profit or gain.
Loss:
If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have
incurred a loss.
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
- Gain
= (S.P.) - (C.P.)
- Loss
= (C.P.) - (S.P.)
- Loss
or gain is always reckoned on C.P.
- Gain
Percentage: (Gain %)
Gain % =
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Gain x 100
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C.P.
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- Loss
Percentage: (Loss %)
Loss % =
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Loss x 100
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C.P.
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- Selling
Price: (S.P.)
SP =
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(100 + Gain %)
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x C.P
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100
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- Selling
Price: (S.P.)
SP =
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(100 - Loss %)
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x C.P.
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100
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- Cost
Price: (C.P.)
C.P. =
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100
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x S.P.
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(100 + Gain %)
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- Cost
Price: (C.P.)
C.P. =
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100
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x S.P.
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(100 - Loss %)
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10. If an article is sold
at a gain of say 35%, then S.P. = 135% of C.P.
11. If an article is sold
at a loss of say, 35% then S.P. = 65% of C.P.
12. When a person sells
two similar items, one at a gain of say x%, and the other at a loss
of x%, then the seller always incurs a loss given by:
Loss % =
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Common Loss and Gain %
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2
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=
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x
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2
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.
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10
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10
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- If
a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false
weights, then
Gain % =
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Error
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x 100
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(True Value) - (Error)
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AVERAGE
- Average:
Average =
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Sum of observations
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Number of observations
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- Average
Speed:
Suppose a man covers a certain distance
at x kmph and an equal distance at y kmph.
Then, the average speed druing the
whole journey is
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2xy
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kmph.
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x + y
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