tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41211409130496215162024-03-27T12:07:31.786+05:30improving knowledgeA blog to improve knowledge through the interesting facts. A blog about beginning of good knowledge which provides Stuff that matters. Find some Interesting Knowledge, Blogging Tips, IGNOU MBA, MCA and BCA course details, Books and assignment help.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.comBlogger202125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-81242716063555530872022-03-28T21:04:00.000+05:302022-03-28T21:04:44.966+05:30Assignment Help, How To Write IGNOU Assignments and Score a Good Grade<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In <b>IGNOU</b>, <b>Submission of Assignment</b> is the most important part. Writing the <b>IGNOU Assignments</b> is very important in completing your IGNOU course of study. I found it difficult to write my IGNOU assignments for securing good grade, that is what inspired me to write this post as I know many IGNOU students have in the same dilemma.<br />
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This post will definitely help you in assignment writing process of IGNOU in easy way.<br />
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<blockquote>
<b>All Books Available : <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/04/ignou-mba-e-books-all-ms-free-download.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MBA Books free download.</a></b></blockquote>
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There are many book stores and blogs where you can get low cost solved assignments or even free. However, those are not helpful to score a good grade/ marks.<br />
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<img alt="ignou%assignment%help%improving%knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfOL015fBmurtreCHmKU6KeAkgFP3N8vLl-sxgJnzho32Y4vD9j_yXvuLGaThku0EJYZPwv0MnirdbhcneWpW1EXFts6QTFrmToyrGGke9JVvy3gnf0RwlZol-A33tlMS9HgQb3DXon_Nr/d/ignou%2525assignment%2525help%2525improving%2525knowledge.jpg" title="ignou%assignment%help%improving%knowledge" /></div>
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<i>Following are some of the General Instructions and Tips for <b>Writing IGNOU Assignments</b>, which are useful tips for completing the IGNOU assignments on time and scoring a good marks.</i><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Study the IGNOU Study materials before you begin: </b>Start study your study materials as soon as you got them.</li>
<li><b>Write the assignments yourself:</b> Not a tough work to write an assignment, so write the assignment in your handwrting. This practice will also help you to score a good marks/ grade in the term end examination.</li>
<li><b>Complete the assignments in time:</b> Completing your assignments on time allows you to sit in the examination on time and thereby complete your IGNOU course of study on time.</li>
<li><b>Use A4 size white (xerox) paper</b> for writing the assignment and staple all paged carefully. </li>
<li><b>Write answer in Front page only</b>.</li>
<li><b>Use your best hand writing: </b>Write answer in good hand writing. <b>Do not overwrite</b> and keep your answer sheets neat and clean</li>
<li><b>Size of answer: </b>Ensure that your answer for a question must be <b>minimum of four to five page</b>.</li>
<li><b>Submission of Assignment: Use stick files</b> and ensure submission of Assignment in a good format, i have created a sample format for submission of the assignment to study centre. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_MOH3hfg_dBVXpIWkY2RVFGS0k/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><b>Download the Format for submission of assignment.</b></a></li>
</ol>
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<b>IGNOU assignments</b> carry as much as 30% of your total marks so do pay attention to this task and take time to learn and complete the assignments. <b>Writing the assignments</b> allows you to learn and study your subjects.<br />
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<i>Hope above tips and help with assignment writing will help you in getting a good grade. </i><br />
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<i><b>All the very best</b>.</i><br />
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If you found these <b>Assignment Help </b>useful then please do share with your friend, </div>
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as <b>Sharing is Caring</b>.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Check these also...... </b><b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/04/ignou-mba-e-books-all-ms-free-download.html">IGNOU MBA Books free download.</a></b></blockquote>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-37203238908670749712022-03-28T20:31:00.000+05:302022-03-28T20:31:29.044+05:30IGNOU MBA Admission Process and Schedule of OPENMAT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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IGNOU -Indira Gandhi National Open University</b>- the <b>School of Management Studies </b>offers the following <b>Management Programmes</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Master of Business Administration (MBA) </li>
<li>Diploma in Management (DIM) </li>
<li>Post Graduale Diploma in Management (PGDIM) </li>
<li>Post Graduate Diploma in Human Resource Management (PGDHRM) </li>
<li>Post Graduate Diploma in Financial Management (PGDFM) </li>
<li>Post Graduaie Diploma in Operational Management (PGDOM) </li>
<li>Post Graduale Diploma in Marketing Management (PGDMM) </li>
<li>Post Graduete Diploma in Financial Markets Practice (PGDFMP) </li>
</ol>
All the above programmes have multi-media design and technology aided delivery systems. These are offered through country wide of study centers.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/08/ignou-mba-course-details-and-fees-structure.html">Check.... IGNOU MBA Course Details</a></b></span></blockquote>
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<img alt="ignou-mba-admission-process-improving-knowledge" border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="1194" lazyload="on" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiggn1OUIvfTyU56yIZCCT-lnvFim8mAT0AV7D48m9GSW3KA6OQJOfLvRylyFUvrZUOUEEU3BMNYECV2LMpJ6ddjCVhPNUrYPaRvKxkMGwQ2YPVmLOsGcEtS4Xt4RhpLz8V9SiaE-62K7Q1/s1600/ignou-mba-admission-process-improving-knowledge.jpeg" title="ignou-mba-admission-process-improving-knowledge" /></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND QUALIFICATIONS</h2>
The eligibility criteria for admission to MBA programme would be as per the AICTE norms viz.<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Any graduate (Including Chartered Accountancy/Cost Accountancy/Company Secretaryship) with 50% marks for general category / 45% for reserved category as per government of India rules.</li>
<li>Students should ensure that his / her CGPA should meet the eligibility percentage requirement.</li>
<li>Clearance of <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/08/ignou-mba-openmat-exam-pattern.html" target="_blank">OPENMAT entrance test</a> of IGNOU conducted by National Testing Agency(NTA).</li>
<li>No age bar</li>
</ol>
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<b>RESERVATION</b>
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The University provides reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, non-creamy layer of OBC, War Widows, Kashmri Migrants and Physically Handicapped Learners, as per the Government of India rules, for admission to its various programmes.<br />
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However, submission of the forged certificate under any category shall lead not only to cancellation of admission but also be legally implicated as per Govt. of India rules.<br />
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<img alt="ignou%mba%admission%process%1-improving%knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaZ-gPqLTvOq496WxFQYV7_TOeatBHT5IisROWyojPXqpQSIRQTy1djrkh36v66O-p0n9u97TmAT4xgmTfcp_Gy3fjY8A7v0QxA1SR9bPdumV7_uxvEu2Xis0SW_jQxYRBxGf0kRH588M1/s1600/ignou%2525mba%2525admission%2525process%25251-improving%2525knowledge.jpg" title="ignou%mba%admission%process%1-improving%knowledge" /><br />
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<h2>
IGNOU MBA ENTRANCE TEST (OPENMAT)</h2>
The University admits students for the above Degree/ Diplomas in Management through an <b>Entrance test called OPENMAT</b>, which helds twice a year.<br />
Candidates have to apply for IGNOU OPENMAT “Online” ONLY by accessing the website<br />
https://ntaignou.nic.in. The Application Form other than online mode would not be accepted, in any case.<br />
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Only one application is to be submitted by a candidate for the programme. More than one application i.e. Multiple application forms submitted by a candidate will be summarily rejected.<br />
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In order to appear in IGNOU OPENMAT, the candidates are required to apply online as per the procedure mentioned in e-prospectus.<br />
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Before filling and submitting the online form, candidates should download the Information Bulletin and e-prospectus and read them carefully. Candidates must follow the instructions strictly as given in the Information Bulletin and on NTA website. Application Forms not complying with the instructions are liable to be rejected.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Read : <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/08/ignou-mba-openmat-exam-pattern.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MBA OPENMAT Exam Pattern </a></span></blockquote>
Candidates must keep the following information ready before filling online Application Form:-<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Govt Identity Details like Aadhaar Number (last 4 digits)/Election Card (EPIC No.)/Passport number/Ration Card</li>
<li>Number/ Bank Account Number/PAN Number/ Other valid Government Ids.</li>
<li>Address for communication, Mobile Number, email id,etc.</li>
<li>Scanned images of latest Photograph (size of 10 kb to 200 kb) in JPG/ JPEG format only</li>
<li>Scanned image of Signature (size of 4 kb to 30 kb) in JPG/ JPEG format only</li>
<li>Bank Account details for payment of Fee, for uploading as part of the submission of online application.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>
<span style="color: red;">TENTATIVE</span> Schedule of activities for OPENMAT Entrance Test</h2>
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" style="background-color: #fa5858; text-align: left;"><b>First OPENMAT :<br />Last date for submission of form : 1st July of current year #<br />Date of Entrance Test : 27th July of current year </b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Validity of OPENMAT score eligible to seek admission</th>
<th>Last date for submission of Admission Form *</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1st Semester Next Year (January Session of next year)
</td>
<td>30th November of current year</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2nd Sem. Next Year (July Session of next year)</td>
<td>31st May of next year</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" style="background-color: #fa5858; text-align: left;"><b>Second OPENMAT :<br />Last date for submission of form is 1st December of current year #<br />Date of Entrance Test : 18th January of next year</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Validity of OPENMAT score eligible to seek admission</th>
<th>Last date for submission of Admission Form *</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2nd Sem. Next Year (July Session of next year)</td>
<td>31th May of next year</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1st Semester, Next of Next Year (January Session of next of next year)</td>
<td>30th November next of next year</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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<b><i># Last date of submission of the OPENMAT application form (i.e. Form 1) at IGNOU Headquarters for appearing in OPENMAT exam. </i></b>
<b><i>* Last date for Submission of Admission Form (i.e Form-2) at the concerned Regional Centre (chosen by the student) alongwith Result Card, Identity proof, and other relevant documents. <br /><br /> Above dates are <span style="color: red;">tentative</span>, for an exact date please contact the nearest Regional Centre or Study Centre of IGNOU. </i></b><br />
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<h2>
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES (After clearance of OPENMAT entrance exam):</h2>
The Candidates, <b>who have cleared/ qualified the Entrance Test i.e. OPENMAT</b> conducted by the IGNOU, may submit their <b>Application form</b> (<b>Form - 2</b>) for Admission to Management Programme <b>which is appended in Prospectus</b> alongwith the requisite fee and the following documents at the concerned Regional Centre. :<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Attested Copies of Certificates in support of educational qualification(s).</li>
<li>Print out of OPENMAT Result Card. </li>
<li>Paste your recent photograph and sign in the box provided in Form. </li>
<li>Hall Ticket duly signed by candidate and invigilator. </li>
<li>Experience certificate wherever required. </li>
<li>Category certificate of SC/ ST/ OBC candidates. </li>
<li>Identity Card duly filled up (Available in Prospectus). </li>
<li>Demand Draft for requisite fee drawn in favour of IGNOU and payable at the city where your Regional Centre is located. </li>
<li>Last date for submission of Application Form for admission along with relevant documents at the Regional Centre. (<b>Check the above table</b>) </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Read this also : </b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/08/ignou-mba-course-details-and-fees-structure.html">IGNOU MBA Course Details</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-90878426579980363532022-03-28T20:24:00.000+05:302022-03-28T20:24:34.641+05:30शीतयुद्ध (cold war), एक ऐसा युद्ध जिसने मनुष्य जाति पर मंडराते खतरे को जैसे-तैसे संभाल लिया<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध का अंत समकालीन विश्व-राजनीति का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण पड़ाव है। युद्ध की समाप्ति के कारण कुछ भी हों, लेकिन इसका परिणाम यही हुआ कि वैश्विक राजनीति के मंच पर दो महाशक्तियों का उदय हो गया। जर्मनी और जापान हार चुके थे और यूरोप तथा शेष विश्व विध्वंस की मार झेल रहे थे। अब <b>अमरीका </b>और <b>सोवियत संघ</b> विश्व की सबसे बड़ी शक्ति थे। इनके पास इतनी क्षमता थी कि विश्व की किसी भी घटना को प्रभावित कर सकें।<br />
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अमरीका और सोवियत संघ का <b>महाशक्ति </b>बनने की होड़ में एक-दूसरे के मुकाबले खड़ा होना <b>शीतयुद्ध (cold war) </b>का कारण बना। शीतयुद्ध शुरू होने के पीछे यह समझ भी काम कर रही थी कि परमाणु बम से होने वाले विध्वंस की मार झेलना किसी भी राष्ट्र के बूते की बात नहीं। यह एक सीधा-सादा लेकिन असरदार तर्क था। जब दोनों महाशक्तियों के पास इतनी क्षमता के परमाणु हथियार हों कि वे एक-दूसरे को असहनीय क्षति पहुँचा सकें तो ऐसे में दोनों के बीच रक्तरंजित युद्ध होने की संभावना कम रह जाती है।<br />
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<img alt="shityudh-cold-war-a-war-which-saved-mankind" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimiteMWqaTELnOWP2xR3zHQ1O6QsjNAnkvP9thJ7VyusWRD3co8F6aXV6xFESBBe-XB11fMJudYRB0YPCu2otox18YajJXbbm52deMV3rkpZuybYfUQeL_aLrh2Lo7jB9VoJHrAHaaH314/s1600/cold-war-which-saved-mankind.jpg" title="shityudh-cold-war-a-war-which-saved-mankind" /><br />
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<b>उकसावे के बावजूद कोई भी पक्ष युद्ध का जोखिम मोल लेना नहीं चाहेगा </b>क्योंकि युद्ध से राजनीतिक फायदा चाहे किसी को भी हो, लेकिन इससे होने वाले विध्वंस को औचित्यपूर्ण नहीं ठहराया जा सकता। <b>परमाणु युद्ध</b> की सूरत में दोनों पक्षों को इतना नुकसान उठाना पड़ेगा कि उनमें से विजेता कौन है - यह तय करना भी असंभव होगा। अगर कोई अपने शत्रु पर आक्रमण करके उसके परमाणु हथियारों को नाकाम करने की कोशिश करता है तब भी दूसरे के पास उसे बर्बाद करने लायक हथियार बच जाएंगे।<br />
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इसे <b>‘अपरोध’ (रोक और संतुलन) का तर्क</b> कहा गया। दोनों ही पक्षों के पास एक-दूसरे के मुकाबले और परस्पर नुकसान पहुँचाने की इतनी क्षमता होती है कि कोई भी पक्ष युद्ध का खतरा नहीं उठाना चाहता। इस <b>तरह, महाशक्तियों के बीच गहन प्रतिद्वन्द्विता होने के बावजूद </b>शीतयुद्ध रक्तरंजित युद्ध का रूप नहीं ले सका। इसकी तासीर ठंडी रही। पारस्परिक ‘अपरोध’ की स्थिति ने युद्ध तो नहीं होने दिया, लेकिन यह स्थिति पारस्परिक प्रतिद्वन्द्विता को न रोक सकी।<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
हम ये कह सकते है कि शीतयुद्ध (cold war) ने समूची मनुष्य जाति पर मंडराते खतरे को जैसे-तैसे संभाल लिया।</blockquote>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>ये भी जानिए .... <b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/07/end-of-second-world-war.html">दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध का अंत, विश्व-राजनीति का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण पड़ाव</a></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-54422188179964619352022-03-15T11:59:00.011+05:302022-03-25T17:42:42.745+05:30SBI Loan EMI Calculator Excel Sheet (SBI Loan Installment or Repayment Schedule Chart)
<span class="firstcharacter">I</span>f you are planning to avail the loan facility from one of the India's largest Bank i.e. State Bank of India (SBI) then this is the right place you have came.<div>Here you will get all the information related to the Loan disbursed by SBI specially Personal Loan.
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<img alt="ikb-sbi-loan-emi" border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNbwalei99EhI53itKiQUtC6MdObeMzSN9KompVoU2wT-V4UQWuSaYxMFZn3oU5PkIcOGF9RieYaEfCJIe23U2EETCW0aLKZ8aBH_dCbG-AfxdXV97-MbhpVMinQ41nfdj-g11kL0gokYY0DQT8uWatsTKXS3r-yI_vX87E5KLPBmQ_r21UJlFvTw3Ug=s16000" title="ikb-sbi-loan-emi" /><br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">SBI Personal Loan EMI Calculator: Calculate Your SBI Bank Personal Loan EMI Online. </h2><div>One of the simplest and convenient techniques to calculate loan repayment is to utilize the <b>SBI Loan Installment or Repayment Schedule Chart available here as Excel Sheet</b>. In case you are unable to decide whether to apply for a loan or not, then the SBI bank loan EMI calculator is sure to help you out. </div><div><br /></div><div><h3>Terms to be understand :</h3><div><ol><li><b>Annual Interest Rate % : </b>This is the application rate of interest i.e. SBI loan interest rate.</li><li><b>Loan Amount : </b>The amount of loan being disbursed by SBI</li><li><b>Installment (Tenor) : </b> The number of installment in which the loan will be repaid.</li><li><b>Date of Loan Disbursement : </b> The date on which the loan amount has credited in your account by SBI</li><li><b>Date of EMI Deduction (Date of month) : </b>The Date of EMI deduction from you account. The date on which every month you will repay the EMI</li><li><b>Month & Year of Starting EMI : </b> The month and year when you will pay first EMI. </li><li><b>Part period interest : </b>Part period interest is an interest charged by SBI for the days from the date of disbursement of loan to the date when EMI starts.</li></ol><div>Accordingly fill the details in below Sheet to calculate your <b>SBI Loan EMI.</b></div></div></div><div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="346" scrolling="no" src="https://onedrive.live.com/embed?resid=5826153EC8961F1A%21121&authkey=%21AMKDn-EkGuX0VZk&em=2&wdAllowInteractivity=False&AllowTyping=True&ActiveCell='SBI-Loan-Calculator'!C5&wdHideGridlines=True&wdHideHeaders=True&wdDownloadButton=True&wdInConfigurator=True" width="99%"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Have a look in the below picture to download or separately open the above sheet i.e. <b>SBI Loan Installment or Repayment Schedule Chart Excel Sheet.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="ikb-sbi-loan-emi-sheet" border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPWJ0NKnPfsVcP2515AtXsW9ztcThUu2DHRYoLBjbhexEJD-ZtPo6JgvIi_nd0hke4dvb8nPIMMo3cFmv7cxBz5U4zD7ZUifEmvN3WgHvGCrAd5kZja0u6qZG4FWDS81YiVfltWtl13cMReNQR2WERFiQGmg3eX9jlCwp-jSgJUJTP7ajvYvu_M3MDfA=s16000" title="ikb-sbi-loan-emi-sheet" /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-56090563720957757752021-03-06T00:00:00.001+05:302021-03-06T00:01:56.375+05:30How to Sign-in to Google account just by unlocking your mobile instead of password<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="firstcharacter">H</span>ow to Sign in with your android phone instead of a password ?<br />
Login to your Google account just <b>by unlocking your mobile</b> and no need to type the password.<br />
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When you want to login to <b>Google account </b>in your laptop or desktop, then you need to type your ID and password. Somewhere you don't want to type your password due to security reasons or any other. But for sign in, it is mandatory to type your ID and password.<br />
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Now imagine, you need to open your Google account in your laptop or desktop. You typed your ID, unlocked your mobile and wow! you have successfully logged in.<br />
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Signing in with your phone is an easy and secure alternative to using your password. Strong passwords have a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols which may be difficult to type and remember.<br />
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjH3NMJkfCF0v-hBtEoHSLO6CsMsouv8K5RQLbEntTNBMW0Uu_XVG7bgjbl2FVGAieIrQwbPh4FRF6DR0n60ZwmfXNtD6xNSMupz2UgcIhlhaWUhHhOTu_zvF9cW9xwqp7_YkcFDuNj9DM/s1600/Sign+in+with+your+phone+instead+of+a+password.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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To sign in with your phone, you need to turn on the screen lock. This security feature helps prevent anyone else from unlocking your phone and using it to sign in to your Google Account.<br />
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<b>How it works ?</b><br />
Yes, it is possible that you can login to your Google account just by unlocking your mobile. Instead of typing password each time, get a prompt from Google on your mobile. You can still use your password if your phone is not in hand.<br />
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<b>Follow the steps of this post.</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 1 :</b> Go to <b>Settings</b> of your mobile select <b>Google services</b> and then <b>Google account</b>. This will open your <b>Google Dashboard</b> which will look like this</li>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1336" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ8sgzbLchRgaYn7VbAbFdOx0OXB0hj-nMrJid6TCoWhTzOFv64WDwjf7bWtVsFvPPFPl-WTRzzbPraXi1sk-QW3YmNy65OCw0StZTGGkce0QDfz8c6OrNPRcqU9aXapLqvTl4DAoCGWUO/s1600/01.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<li><b>Step 2 : </b>Go to <b>Security </b>tab and select <b>Use your phone to sign in</b>.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTy9_5TjaQuSPcMCshcOmEuni4p6bRl3Z5dQ6AqaARCW0XtMce4TAwZv8HTqOMndelgaMFfM-Iy_kqH3qIjwms_PEKFNUOqt-RHXuPnqRexMGdDK6jZ2bkYb-nn8lW3OFHuj_rCzz8K1vz/s1600/02.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 3 :</b> Click on <b>SET IT UP</b> button.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1311" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigFYx8IvNZGB9STPkNka02aNWhYEkD9tDFvHngTgv_wqRSZdOOsZtlHTZ61pMEmHjRdVa2Yz716KuIM73u77nWSzn9ACiFM0jbWmc2fAOkAtkv2EKMOoPB-TF9M-Q9ep8bUbB77achVyMp/s1600/03.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 4 :</b> Select your Google account and type your password. Click on <b>Next </b>to continue.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1319" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6pn5v9Q-T6oyDFdlTDwTI3bV4j1NMTNifwhXui7NtqQtt8VvwpDuEybQnYmdzMdvQlVTtkpw7-Dr6hQjCIaYvsLXL51dQJAroXw8LjkfEawJuvRg8FVxW1ir5LqD3vkt-7GPeso6n0T7J/s1600/04.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 5 : </b>Select your mobile and click on <b>Next</b>.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1315" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVFsCj8xBYn-i3bnH7750HhT13A_QDPzoJORcHZ5LUss39cxhenXi2I4A2OsI3eHp6QdbhofqrbLNXspbScjeicteS-tYqFiOi4qm2aDEq38rD0n2EotALovt9E2MgCWDnhlaaHaOkKE9o/s1600/05.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 6 : </b>Complete further steps and you will see this screen. Now click on Next button and <b>Try it.</b></li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1311" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_vBv8dXqApPSyC7vyCSXJ46-X8SEji8mQ9EzQqy9jvJ-zZGqnxUiSbs3ji5kTY0QO3u6oxCgcQ0rbyF6PTm8u00bQeyvgYymqVGJj7GSLZCkFdLprIz63Y3RfIfeaBZPPAIteyroC3ZsF/s1600/06.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 7 :</b> Follow further steps and you will see a message <b>It worked! turn it on</b>. Click <b>Turn On</b> button.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmDSzYdgLnOzIxtuAu7kK6ydVkwmiv47M1XTG6MxSfqLevgLr7RmA3C31fV6ShFzkam1cgi5q8ldpoLYr06BeDkWcJ0hyzsHEuVxjNIcqA5G5QcjqJfuOj_mKiWbJzKxW4gQ3bHHuMQtpV/s1600/07.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Step 8 : </b>You will see <b>Phone sign-in ON </b>message. You can also see the name of the mobile phone which will be used to sign in.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" border="0" data-original-height="1312" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-e6ebFHrmS8fIXrmkyW7A_l8AwbPDNmm1C_HPcIQfJhWZ3QEXc4Np6TCGxWXFpdMDSpwcm8avMRm45jZlfHnHv0P4i6VzQuFzdrNhZzjVFJzIrtyinIR5r0YwwKIayK-4z_Sw83vT8P57/s1600/08.jpg" title="Sign in with your phone instead of a password" /></div>
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You can also add another mobile phone for sign in purpose.<br />
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<b>As per Google :</b><br />
After this setup, for sign in to your Google Account, you can get a prompt sent to your phone. Tap the notification from Google to confirm, and you'll be signed in quickly and securely. If your phone isn't nearby, you can select "Use your password instead" on the sign-in screen.
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><span style="color: blue;">Read : <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/07/how-to-download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-to-mobile.html" target="_blank">How to download selected multiple photo from google photos app to android phone</a></span></b></blockquote>
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<b>If you found it useful please share with your friends</b></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-44945090290395260652021-01-04T12:01:00.000+05:302021-01-05T15:40:31.946+05:30इंडिया की पहली बुलेट ट्रेन (Bullet Train)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Indian railway fastest train के तहत भारत के लिए <b>पहली बुलेट ट्रेन</b> चलाने में जापान मदद करेगा। यह ट्रेन <b>मुंबई और अहमदाबाद के बीच</b> दौड़ेगी और 505 किलोमीटर की दूरी को सात घंटे के बदले दो घंटे में पूरा करेगी। इसके लिए भारत और जापान के बीच MoU साइन हुआ है।<br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
ये है प्रोजेक्ट :</h4>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>हाईस्पीडः </b>मुंबई-अहमदाबाद कॉरिडोर, <b>दूरीः </b>505 किलोमीटर, <b>खर्च होंगेः </b>98,805 करोड़ रुपए, <b>यात्रा का समयः</b> 7 घंटे की बजाय 2 घंटे, <b>प्रपोज्ड स्पीडः </b>300 किलोमीटर प्रति घंटा</blockquote>
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दो साल पहले शुरू हुई थी स्टडी :</h4>
इसके लिए जापान इंटरनेशनल कॉर्पोरेशन एजेंसी (जेआईसीए) और रेल मंत्रालय, भारत ने दो साल पहले ही हाईस्पीड रेल बनाने और चलाने को लेकर स्टडी शुरू की थी।<br />
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जुलाई में सौंपी गई रिपोर्ट :</h4>
यह रिपोर्ट भारत को जुलाई 2015 में सौंपी गई। इस रिपोर्ट में सिफारिश की गई है कि जापान की बुलेट ट्रेनों में शामिल शिंकान्सेन की तर्ज पर भारत में ट्रेन चलाई जा सकती है।<br />
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ये होगा किराया :</h4>
जेआईसीए के अध्ययन पर बीबीसी में छपी रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक इस ट्रेन का संभावित किराया करीब 2800 रुपए होगा। मुंबई-अहमदाबाद के बीच फिलहाल सबसे ज्यादा किराया मुंबई शताब्दी एक्सप्रेस फर्स्ट क्लास का है। फर्स्ट क्लास से सफर करने पर यात्रियों को 1920 रुपए भरने होते हैं।<br />
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<img alt="first-indian-bullet-train" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8nRttmbj4YKbpqN9PsJ9A65PyE-5Vnib6DvOLrplsxkEA-NQ9GaHkiXqlSDMgpUftJArsnNYimZ8zQnUjqpbkjTP64LLSsDb7xJGmHe8CR2Jkr3xLOz6cuXRS0iGUA7hyphenhyphenzwRLfpvloNlM/s1600/bullet-train-wallpaper-hd-10.jpg" title="first-indian-bullet-train" /><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
जानिए ट्रेन से जुड़े facts :</h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>इस रूट पर कुल <b>12 स्टेशन</b> बनाए जाएंगे।</li>
<li>भारत <b>10 हजार किलोमीटर</b> के हाई-स्पीड रूट प्लान कर रहा है।</li>
<li>इस प्रोजेक्ट के लिए जापान चाहता है कि भारत, कम से कम 30 फीसदी इक्विपमेंट जापान से खरीदे। जिनमें टोक्यो में निर्मित कोच भी शामिल हों।</li>
<li>इस काम के लिए जापान भारत को <b>1 फीसदी से भी कम की दर पर 50 साल के लिए लोन</b> देगा।</li>
<li>जापान इस प्रोजेक्ट में भारत की 81 % cost का वहन करेगा।</li>
<li>इस प्रोजेक्ट की शुरुआत <b>2017 में होगी और 2023 तक इसके कम्पलीट</b> होने की उम्मीद है।</li>
<li>इस प्रोजेक्ट की सफलता के बाद इस लाइन को नई दिल्ली तक बढ़ाया जाएगा।</li>
<li>जापान के बिजनेस डेली निक्की के मुताबिक साल 2023 तक 40 हजार यात्री इस सुविधा का लाभ उठा सकते हैं।</li>
</ul>
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
जापान की टेक्नोलॉजी लेने वाले दूसरा देश है भारत :</h4>
जापान यह टेक्नोलॉजी कई देशों को ऑफर कर रहा है। जापान ने अपनी बुलेट ट्रेन से जुड़ी पहली टेक्नोलॉजी ताईवान को बेची है। भारत इसे लेने वाला दूसरा देश हो है।<br />
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मतलब, <b>Indian railway fastest train </b>के तहत भारत के लिए <b>bullet train route</b> मुंबई और अहमदाबाद के बीच होगी, इसे <b>semi bullet train in India</b> कह सकते है.<br />
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-71985802159927792752020-12-30T12:04:00.000+05:302021-01-05T15:48:12.113+05:30भारत की राष्ट्रीय खाद्य सुरक्षा प्रणाली (National Food Security)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
हम सभी जानते हैं कि <b>भोजन</b> एक आधारभूत आवश्यकता है और देश के प्रत्येक नागरिक को ऐसा भोजन मिलना चाहिए जो <b>न्यूनतम पोषण स्तर</b> प्रदान करे। यदि हमारी जनसंख्या के किसी भाग को यह उपलब्ध नहीं होता तो वह भाग खाद्य सुरक्षा से वंचित है। <br />
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हमारे देश के कुछ राज्यों, विशेषतः <b>आर्थिक दृष्टि से कम विकसित राज्य</b>, जहाँ अधिक निर्धनता व्याप्त है, वहाँ उन लोगों का अनुपात अधिक है जिन्हें <b>खाद्य सुरक्षा</b> प्राप्त नहीं है। देश के सुदूर क्षेत्रें में प्राकृतिक आपदाओं और अनिश्चित खाद्य आपूर्ति की अधिक संभावना होती है। <br />
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समाज के सभी वर्गों को खाद्य उपलब्धता सुनिश्चित कराने के लिए हमारी सरकार ने सावधानीपूर्वक राष्ट्रीय खाद्य सुरक्षा प्रणाली की रचना की है। इसके दो घटक हैं</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
(क) बफर स्टॉक, तथा<br />
(ख) सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (जिसे पी डी एस कहा जाता है)।<br />
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<img alt="national-food-security-act-improving-knowledge" border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR9udKam06GxmfyRzzp-mYk_iwx-cpku2OqRf3Z9v_FuvRB9oZw7WWfjyPZPOShxx3FYJb2HanAu2Gh5EbSAlmObWlVD6G6zto_RwDAn97fQiJZUAD4EgNp5bHP2f5Cd5Cx9o_Ci8cp9D2/s320/national-food-security-act.png" title="national-food-security-act-improving-knowledge" width="320" /></div>
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भारत की <b>खाद्य सुरक्षा नीति</b> का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य सामान्य लोगों को खरीद सकने योग्य कीमतों पर खाद्यान्नों की उपलब्धता को सुनिश्चित करना है। इससे निर्धन भोजन प्राप्त करने में समर्थ हुए हैं। <br />
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इस नीति का केन्द्र <b>कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि</b> और भंडारों को बनाए रखने के लिए चावल और गेहूँ की अधिक प्राप्ति के हेतु समर्थन मूल्य को निर्धारित करना है। <br />
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खाद्यान्नों की अधिक प्राप्ति और भंडारण की व्यवस्था <b>भारतीय खाद्य निगम (Food Corporation of India - FCI)</b> करती है जबकि इसके वितरण को सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (<b>PDS</b>) सुनिश्चित करती है। भारतीय खाद्य निगम (एफ सी आई) सरकार द्वारा घोषित न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्यों पर किसानों से खाद्यान्न प्राप्त करती है। भारतीय खाद्य निगम द्वारा प्राप्त तथा भंडारित अनाजों या खाद्यान्नों को सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (PDS) के माध्यम से देश के विभिन्न ग्रामीण और नगरीय क्षेत्रें में सस्ती दरों पर उपलब्ध कराया जाता है।<br />
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सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली मुख्यतः उपभोक्ताओं को दो वर्गों में बाँट दिया गया है <b>NFSA Priority Category</b> तथा <b>NFSA Antyoday Category</b>. गरीबी रेखा से नीचे (<b>Below Poverty Line - BPL</b>) और गरीबी रेखा से ऊपर (<b>Above Poverty Line - APL</b>) प्रत्येक वर्ग <b>के लिए कीमतें अलग-अलग भारत सरकार द्वारा निर्धारित की जाती हैं। इसके अलावे </b>Mid Day Meal - MDM द्वारा स्कूलों में खाद्यान्न उपलब्ध किया जाता है।<br />
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भारतीय खाद्य निगम राष्ट्र जो खाद्य सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने का काम करती है, के बारे में कुछ जानकारी जो आपको जरूर जाननी चाहिए। </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>जानिए .... <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/05/food-security-and-food-corporation-of-india.html">भारतीय खाद्य निगम और इसे मिलने वाली सब्सिडी</a></b></blockquote>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-67565782972229073642020-08-28T15:59:00.002+05:302020-09-07T12:41:12.529+05:30Understanding Bits, bytes and Binary Numbering<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img alt="binary-numbering-improving-knowledge" border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZfRyLmYPB2G1gwwo4opAyEJYaFP8zCRDZF-CfwiZTi3Lzj3PJonOi0Cx-kDSQbQFMjZci1MPOZjXxcWC6_cCaj-qbMLUpXb-pyANR11Jq3F2TWaGzwJH_HvE8mdi6GYpgXXIbojrStnCP/s1600/IMG_20200828_155226.png" title="binary-numbering-improving-knowledge" /></div>
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<span class="firstcharacter">D</span>igital technology relies on the silicon chip and the binary code. Data that is sent to and from digital appliances is sent in binary digits called bits. It is measured and stored in bytes.<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Bit</h2>
A bit is a binary digit and can be either a 0 or a 1. Each bit can hold the answer to one simple question, using 0 for “No” and 1 for “Yes.”<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Byte</h2>
A byte is made up of 8 bits and is the measurement unit used to describe the storage capacity and transfer rate of digital systems.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>0 or 1 = bit</li>
<li>4 bits = 1 nibble or called half byte</li>
<li>8 bits = 1 bytes</li>
<li>1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte</li>
<li>1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte</li>
<li>1024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte</li>
<li>1024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte</li>
<li>1024 terabytes = 1 petabyte </li>
<li>1024 petabytes = 1 exabyte</li>
</ul>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Ever heard of silicon chips?</h2>
Personal computers were made possible by using silicon to make microchips.<br />
Silicon was chosen since it’s a good semiconductor—it can keep the flow of electricity going or make it stop.<br />
<img alt="silicon-chips-bit-bytes-binary" border="0" data-original-height="754" data-original-width="674" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9iHgKjhiZ0gR82_UCGtZBH2jS1zTzY3-7qHCyew7-v5yAX61PafT8K5sgqtFv51EwVAmetuVcLhuDLZuB6EbVGQI7krhQAe4Zx988XskSKk8JSOiJtMbHIDRKaJzEwvrvbrJJ69BjeEC9/s1600/silicon+chip.jpg" title="silicon-chips-bit-bytes-binary" />
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<b>What’s inside?</b><br />
A silicon chip contains millions of transistors (things that control the flow of an electric current) and other tiny electronic parts that are all connected to each other.<br />
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<b>How is a silicon chip made?</b><br />
Electronic circuit patterns are photographed onto disks of silicon, called wafers. Chemicals are used to etch the patterns into the silicon in several layers. The wiring that connects up the circuit is made in the same way.<br />
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Individual chips Wafers are tested to make sure they work. After being checked they are cut into individual chips, which are placed into protective cases.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Do you know :</b><br />
Some silicon chips contain two billion transistors.</blockquote>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Binary code</h2>
The binary code is made up of two digits: one and zero.<br />
The code converts images, text, and sounds into numbers in order to send information from one digital device, such as a computer, to another.<br />
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<b>Binary numbering</b><br />
Computers use binary numbers because they are easier to handle.<br />
In binary, the digits (read from the right) are worth 1, 2, 4, 8, and so on—not units, tens, and hundreds.<br />
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In ordinary numbers, “1,001” is one unit, no tens, no hundreds, and one thousand. But in binary “1001” is one 1, no 2, no 4, and one 8, which equals 9.<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
What is ASCII Code?</h2>
American Standard Code for Information Interchange <u>Pronounced ask-ee</u>,<br />
ASCII is the acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a code for representing 128 English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.<br />
For example, the ASCII code for uppercase M is 77.<br />
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ASCII is a coded character set consisting of 128 7-bit characters. There are 32 control characters, 94 graphic characters, the space character, and the delete character.<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><th>Letter</th><th>ASCII Code</th><th>Binary</th></tr>
<tr><td>A</td><td>065</td><td>0100 0001</td></tr>
<tr><td>B</td><td>066</td><td>0100 0010</td></tr>
<tr><td>C</td><td>067</td><td>0100 0011</td></tr>
<tr><td>D</td><td>068</td><td>0100 0100</td></tr>
<tr><td>E</td><td>069</td><td>0100 0101</td></tr>
<tr><td>F</td><td>070</td><td>0100 0110</td></tr>
<tr><td>G</td><td>071</td><td>0100 0111</td></tr>
<tr><td>H</td><td>072</td><td>0100 1000</td></tr>
<tr><td>I</td><td>073</td><td>0100 1001</td></tr>
<tr><td>J</td><td>074</td><td>0100 1010</td></tr>
<tr><td>K</td><td>075</td><td>0100 1011</td></tr>
<tr><td>L</td><td>076</td><td>0100 1100</td></tr>
<tr><td>M</td><td>077</td><td>0100 1101</td></tr>
<tr><td>N</td><td>078</td><td>0100 1110</td></tr>
<tr><td>O</td><td>079</td><td>0100 1111</td></tr>
<tr><td>P</td><td>080</td><td>0101 0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>Q</td><td>081</td><td>0101 0001</td></tr>
<tr><td>R</td><td>082</td><td>0101 0010</td></tr>
<tr><td>S</td><td>083</td><td>0101 0011</td></tr>
<tr><td>T</td><td>084</td><td>0101 0100</td></tr>
<tr><td>U</td><td>085</td><td>0101 0101</td></tr>
<tr><td>V</td><td>086</td><td>0101 0110</td></tr>
<tr><td>W</td><td>087</td><td>0101 0111</td></tr>
<tr><td>X</td><td>088</td><td>0101 1000</td></tr>
<tr><td>Y</td><td>089</td><td>0101 1001</td></tr>
<tr><td>Z</td><td>090</td><td>0101 1010</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b>ASCII Code for lower case letters :</b><br />
a–o start with 0110, while p–z start with 0111.<br />
The next four digits are the same as for upper case, so a = 0110 0001.<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><th>Letter</th><th>ASCII Code</th><th>Binary</th></tr>
<tr><td>a</td><td>097</td><td>0110 00011</td></tr>
<tr><td>b</td><td>098</td><td>0110 0010</td></tr>
<tr><td>c</td><td>099</td><td>0110 0011</td></tr>
<tr><td>d</td><td>100</td><td>0110 0100</td></tr>
<tr><td>e</td><td>101</td><td>0110 0101</td></tr>
<tr><td>f</td><td>102</td><td>0110 0110</td></tr>
<tr><td>g</td><td>103</td><td>0110 0111</td></tr>
<tr><td>h</td><td>104</td><td>0110 1000</td></tr>
<tr><td>i</td><td>105</td><td>0110 1001</td></tr>
<tr><td>j</td><td>106</td><td>0110 1010</td></tr>
<tr><td>k</td><td>107</td><td>0110 1011</td></tr>
<tr><td>l</td><td>108</td><td>0110 1100</td></tr>
<tr><td>m</td><td>109</td><td>0110 1101</td></tr>
<tr><td>n</td><td>110</td><td>0110 1110</td></tr>
<tr><td>o</td><td>111</td><td>0110 1111</td></tr>
<tr><td>p</td><td>112</td><td>0111 0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>q</td><td>113</td><td>0111 0001</td></tr>
<tr><td>r</td><td>114</td><td>0111 0010</td></tr>
<tr><td>s</td><td>115</td><td>0111 0011</td></tr>
<tr><td>t</td><td>116</td><td>0111 0100</td></tr>
<tr><td>u</td><td>117</td><td>0111 0101</td></tr>
<tr><td>v</td><td>118</td><td>0111 0110</td></tr>
<tr><td>w</td><td>119</td><td>0111 0111</td></tr>
<tr><td>x</td><td>120</td><td>0111 1000</td></tr>
<tr><td>y</td><td>121</td><td>0111 1001</td></tr>
<tr><td>z</td><td>122</td><td>0111 1010</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b>Hands on ✋</b><br />
Using the above code <b>you can write out your name in binary code</b>. Use uppercase letters for the beginning letter of your first and last name and lowercase for the remaining letters.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Difference between Binary Code and ASCII?</b></h3>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Binary code is a general term used for a method of encoding characters or instructions, but ASCII is only one of the globally accepted conventions of encoding characters and was the most commonly used binary encoding scheme for more than three decades.</li>
<li>Binary code can have different lengths for encoding depending on the number of characters, instructions, or the encoding method, but ASCII uses only 7 digits long binary string and 8 digits long for extended ASCII.</li>
</ol>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>How do you translate words into binary?</b></h3>
Here's one possible set of steps we could code:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Break the word into individual letters.</li>
<li>For each letter, look up the ASCII number value mapped to the letter.</li>
<li>For each ASCII number value, convert to a binary number.</li>
<li>For each binary number, save the binary number value.</li>
</ol>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
BONUS reading - 1 : How a motherboard works</h2>
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer. It connects all the main parts and passes on instructions.<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Keyboard communicates with motherboard via input/ output (I/O) controller</li>
<li>I/O controller make the central processing unit (CPU) pause.</li>
<li>Central processing unit (CPU) stops what it is doing and accesses memory (RAM) to run the keyboard driver built into the program.</li>
<li>Keyboard driver finds out what key was pressed and what character this represents</li>
<li>CPU tells the graphics processing unit (GPU) to put that character on the screen</li>
<li>Monitor displays characters on screen</li>
</ol>
lets understand by the pic :-<br />
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<img alt="how-mother-board-works" border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="1284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCiKE2uIMKvJ-87iPMHwLPY8eybhnKHRuyzAW8U0u9VJvYdYgRwZtKD1qyqacdBfzBkE75kSUGkDv_9ylRSDZUB96TIRTLRppBLar8fM0Kr65kFA5h-cPRPHSDGZ7-agi1ktXA27W4qMC9/s1600/How+a+motherboard+works.jpg" title="how-mother-board-works" /></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
BONUS reading - 2 : Sending numbers</h2>
Fiber-optic cables are used to transport binary numbers from one computer to another. An electric current carries the numbers as a stream of digital data.<br />
A laser turns the current into pulses of light that are sent through the fiber-optic cable.<br />
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A cable used for telecommunications has 100 or more optical cables inside.<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>A central steel cable protects the fibers.</li>
<li>A polymer outer sheath keeps the fiber safe from damage.</li>
<li>The center is made from glass or plastic.</li>
<li>Light is reflected back into the core by glass or plastic cladding.</li>
</ol>
<b>Inside an optical cable</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The first signal is sent down the middle.</li>
<li>A second signal travels in a zigzag line.</li>
<li>A third signal travels by reflection but doesn’t get in the way of other signals.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="inside-an-optical-cable" border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9CGPdSzM3cPg7fgcffY3N32bkDoDPNRqXxZiF0nqsqyoU0rQ3FzYxWq2LjUiUQZKb9_moWXOpy6W-4lTyv8D8nmzFah8vPZHOz8XZ76buaRJSEfyYS-uHJ9iDujDpBA4gxzqHCGXDGhBW/s1600/sending+numbers.jpg" title="inside-an-optical-cable" /></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Do you know :</b><br />
How many ones and zeros can a fiber-optic cable carry per second?<br />
<b>100 billion ones and zeros per second at almost the speed of light.</b></blockquote>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-21478329270935444082020-08-13T11:47:00.000+05:302020-08-13T11:47:04.487+05:30भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के बाद एक नया और खंडित राष्ट्र<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
अगस्त 1947 में जब भारत आजाद हुआ तो उसके सामने कई बड़ी चुनौतियाँ थीं। बँटवारे की वजह से 80 लाख शरणार्थी पाकिस्तान से भारत आ गए थे। इन लोगों के लिए रहने का इंतजाम करना और उन्हें रोजगार देना जरूरी था। इसके बाद रियासतों की समस्या थी। तकरीबन 500 रियासतें राजाओं या नवाबों के शासन में चल रही थीं। इन सभी को नए राष्ट्र में शामिल होने के लिए तैयार करना एक टेढ़ा काम था। शरणार्थियों और रियासतों की समस्या पर फौरन ध्यान देना लाजिमी था। लंबे दौर में इस नवजात राष्ट्र को एक ऐसी राजनीतिक व्यवस्था भी विकसित करनी थी जो यहाँ के लोगों की आशाओं और आकांक्षाओं को सबसे अच्छी तरह व्यक्त कर सके।
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1947 में भारत की आबादी काफी बड़ी थी तकरीबन 34-35 करोड़। यह आबादी भी आपस में बँटी हुई थी। इसमें ऊँची जाति और नीची जाति, बहुल हिंदू समुदाय और अन्य धर्मों को मानने वाले भारतीय थे। इस विशाल देश के लोग तरह-तरह की भाषाएँ बोलते थे, उनके पहनावों में भारी फर्क था, उनके खान-पान और काम-धंधों में भारी विविधता थी। इतनी विविधता वाले लोगों को एक राष्ट्र-राज्य के रूप में कैसे संगठित किया जा सकता था?
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एकता की समस्या के साथ ही विकास भी एक बड़ी समस्या थी। स्वतंत्रता के समय भारत की एक विशाल संख्या गाँवों में रहती थी। आजीविका के लिए किसान और काश्तकार बारिश पर निर्भर रहते थे। यही स्थिति अर्थव्यवस्था के गैर-कृषि क्षेत्रें की थी। अगर फसल चौपट हो जाती तो नाई, बढ़ई, बुनकर और अन्य कारीगरों की आमदनी पर भी संकट पैदा हो जाता था। शहरों में फैक्ट्री मजदूर भीड़ भरी झुग्गी बस्तियों में रहते थे जहाँ शिक्षा या स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं की खास व्यवस्था नहीं थी। इस विशाल आबादी को गरीबी के चंगुल से निकालने के लिए न केवल खेती की उपज बढ़ाना जरूरी था बल्कि नए उद्योगों का निर्माण भी करना था जहाँ लोगों को रोजगार मिल सके।
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एकता और विकास की प्रक्रियाओं को साथ-साथ चलना था। अगर भारत के विभिन्न तबकों के बीच मौजूद मतभेदों को दूर न किया जाता तो वे हिंसक और बहुत खतरनाक टकरावों का रूप ले सकते थे। लिहाजा ऐसे टकराव देश के लिए मँहगे भी पड़ते थे। कहीं ऊँची जाति और नीची जाति के बीच, कहीं हिंदुओं और मुसलमानों के बीच तो कहीं किसी और वजह से तनाव की आशंका बनी हुई थी। दूसरी तरफ, अगर आर्थिक विकास के लाभ आबादी के बड़े हिस्से को नहीं मिलते हैं तो और ज्यादा भेदभाव पैदा हो सकता था। ऐसी स्थिति में अमीर और गरीब, शहर और देहात, संपन्न और पिछड़े इलाकों का फर्क पैदा हो सकता था।
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<img alt="भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के बाद एक नया और खंडित राष्ट्र" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGrVAHyZ69Ek6MjAzaFzRAfX77_lLwiowbtyfsPUcr04GK_Kvu1jWKF-zHLbjBht_bNdEVn01XyLlmd0m9fwJ9vE5Dl-LK1SDMWVaerMhxZwAAfM72QTCoqa5HoZrISBa55WbgysDew5GH/s1600/improving+knowledge+blog.png" title="भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के बाद एक नया और खंडित राष्ट्र" />
<u><span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;">इलाहाबाद में महात्मा गांधी की अस्थियों का विर्सजन, फरवरी 1948</span></u>
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अभी स्वतंत्रता को छः महीने भी नहीं हुये थे कि सारा राष्ट्र गहरे शोक में पड़ गया। 30 जनवरी 1948 को नाथूराम गोडसे ने महात्मा गांधी की हत्या कर दी।
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
उसी शाम हक्के-बक्के राष्ट्र ने आकाशवाणी पर जवाहरलाल नेहरू का भावुक भाषण सुना दोस्तों, साथियो, हमारी जिंदगी की रोशनी बुझ गई और चारों तरफ अँधेरा है--- हमारे प्रिय नेता--- राष्ट्रपिता अब नहीं रहे।</blockquote>
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<b>ये भी जानिए...</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><b><a href="http://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/02/india-vikas-ki-yojna.html">भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के बाद विकास की योजनाएँ</a></b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><b><a href="http://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/02/indian-videsh-niti.html">भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के बाद एक स्वतंत्र विदेश नीति की चाह</a></b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><b><a href="http://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/02/india-68-saal-baad.html">भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के 67 वर्ष बाद</a></b></span></li>
</ul>
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दोस्तों के साथ साझा करें...…
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-21866257983879710322020-07-20T13:36:00.000+05:302020-08-29T19:58:28.068+05:30क्लाउड स्टोरेज (Cloud Storage) के माध्यम से अपने डाटा को रखें सुरक्षित<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
मोबाइल, कंप्यूटर और पेन ड्राइव इत्यादि में हम जो डाटा स्टोर करते हैं वह डाटा स्टोरेज का डिजिटल माध्यम है। वहीं क्लाउड स्टोरेज डाटा स्टोर करने का एक <b>वर्चुअल माध्यम</b> है। क्लाउड स्टोरेज का मतलब है कि आपकी सारी डाटा ऑनलाइन किसी सर्वर में सुरक्षित रखी जाएगी जिसे आप जब चाहें कहीं भी कभी भी आसानी से इस्तेमाल या एक्सेस कर सकते है।<br />
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<b>कैसें करें क्लाउड स्टोरेज सेवा का उपयोग</b><br />
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लोकल ड्राइव में उपलब्ध डाटा को एक्सेस करने के लिए आपको किसी खास एप्लिकेशन की जरूरत नहीं होती लेकिन क्लाउड में उपलब्ध डाटा को किसी खास एप्लिकेशन के माध्यम से ही एक्सेस किया जा सकता है। क्लाउड स्टोरेज का उपयोग आप मोबाइल और कंप्यूटर दोनों जगह से कर सकते हैं और दोनों जगहों पर आपको उस एप्लिकेशन की जरूरत पड़ेगी।<br />
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जिस तरह से ईमेल के लिए आपको आईडी और पासवर्ड की जरूरत होती है उसी तरह क्लाउड सेवा के उपयोग के लिए भी आईडी और पासवर्ड की आवश्यकता होती है।<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="cloud-storage-improving-knowledge" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikL2iqU6sCGPP4t1LApxCtoNp3Vk5-jslF1MsPTbDftGkcSAKMVWXYp1RDFuPOggAo0NS6czYGgqr_BHOsFLgoZxoMKOFf7Xw10JmpvrOisvP-ux9g3_c9YWUtPly11u5BWXAS3Ky41uC2/s1600/cloud-storage-improving-knowledge.jpg" title="cloud-storage-improving-knowledge" /></div>
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क्लाउड स्टोरेज सर्विस का उपयोग करने के लिए जरूरी है कि आपके कम्प्युटर या फोन में इंटरनेट सेवा एक्टिव हो। गूगल ड्राइव, वनड्राइव, ड्रापबॉक्स, और अमेजन क्लाउड ड्राइव इत्यादि प्रचलित क्लाउड स्टोरेज सेवा हैं। इनमे से कुछ मुफ्त में उपलब्ध है तो कुछ के पैसे देने पड़ते है ।<br />
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अगर मुफ्त क्लाउड स्टोरेज सर्विस की बात करें तो सबसे प्रचलित <b>गूगल ड्राइव (Google Drive)</b> है क्यूंकि ये आपको मुफ्त में 15GB तक के डाटा को स्टोर करने की सेवा प्रदान करता है।<br />
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<b>गूगल ड्राइव :</b> जैसा कि नाम से ही स्पष्ट है यह गूगल का क्लाउड स्टोरेज सेवा है। एंड्रॉयड फोन में गूगल ड्राइव पहले से इंटीग्रेटेड होता है। गूगल ड्राइव में आप अपने जीमेल के आईडी और पासवर्ड से लॉगिन डाटा का बैकअप ले सकते हैं। फोन में उपलब्ध फाइल फोल्डर में जब आप शेयर का विकल्प चुनेंगे तो वहां आपको गूगल ड्राइव का विकल्प दिखाई देगा। यहीं से गूगल ड्राइव पर डाटा स्टोर कर सकते हैं।<br />
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गूगल ड्राइव का विंडोज संस्करण भी मुफ्त में उपलब्ध है। आप अपने डेस्कटॉप पर इसे डाउनलोड और इंस्टॉल कर सकते हैं, इंस्टॉल करने के बाद आपको अपने जीमेल के आईडी और पासवर्ड से लॉगिन करना होगा। लॉगिन करने के बाद जब कम्प्युटर फोंल्डर को खोलेंगे तो बाईं ओर के पैनल में आपको Google Drive का फोल्डर दिखाई देगा। अब आप जिस भी डाटा को गूगल ड्राइव में स्टोर करना चाहते है उसे वहाँ ड्रैग एंड डॉप या फिर कॉपी पेस्ट कर सकते है।<br />
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आपके इंटरनेट की स्पीड तथा डाटा की साइज़ के अनुसार कुछ समय में वो डाटा गूगल ड्राइव में स्टोर हो जाएगा, जिसके बाद आप उस डाटा को कभी भी कहीं भी देख और डाउनलोड कर सकते है। आप डेस्कटॉप से स्टोर फाइल को मोबाइल से एक्सेस कर सकते हैं साथ ही मोबाइल से स्टोर फाइल फोल्डर को डेस्कटॉप से ऐक्सेस कर सकते हैं।<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
कुछ अतिरिक्त टिप्स :</h2>
गूगल ड्राइव के क्लाउड स्टोरेज सेवा द्वारा आप 15GB तक डाटा स्टोर कर सकते है अगर अतिरिक्त GB की जरूरत पड़ती है तो आपको गूगल ड्राइव की क्लाउड स्टोरेज सेवा को अपग्रेड करना होगा यानि आपको अतिरिक्त GB खरीदना पड़ेगा। लेकिन अगर आप एक टिप्स को फॉलो करें तो आप बिना खरीदे अपने क्लाउड स्टोरेज की क्षमता को बड़ा सकते है।<br />
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टिप्स ये है कि आप एक नया गूगल अकाउंट बना लें, और www.odrive.com पर जाकर जीमेल द्वारा प्रमाणित (authenticate) करते हुए लॉगिन करें। यहाँ आपको अपने गूगल ड्राइव को odrive से कनैक्ट करना होगा। आप एक से ज्यादा गूगल ड्राइव को odrive से कनैक्ट कर सकते है।<br />
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उसके बाद odrive के डेस्कटॉप एप्लिकेशन को अपने कम्प्युटर पर इंस्टॉल करें तथा जीमेल द्वारा प्रमाणित (authenticate) करते हुए लॉगिन करें। लॉगिन करने के बाद जब कम्प्युटर फोंल्डर को खोलेंगे तो बाईं ओर के पैनल में आपको odrive का फोल्डर दिखाई देगा, जिसमें आपके सभी जुड़े हुए गूगल ड्राइव का फोंल्डर होगा। अब आप जिस भी डाटा को स्टोर करना चाहते है उसे ड्रैग एंड डॉप या फिर कॉपी पेस्ट कर सकते है।</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-83141576489266274112020-07-20T13:16:00.000+05:302020-07-20T13:25:55.683+05:30 ऐसे पता करे किसी भी वाहन का Registration Details और Driving Licence का Status<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
अगर आप या आपके कोई दोस्त परिवार <b>पुरानी गाड़ी खरीदने जा रहे है</b>, तो आप जरूर चाहेंगे के उस गाड़ी की सही जानकारी आपको मिले, जैसे की उसके असली मालिक कोन है, Registration कहाँ से हुआ है, Tax कब तक paid है वगैरह। कुल मिला कर कहा जाए तो आप उस गाड़ी की <b>Registration Details</b> की सही जानकारी प्राप्त करना चाहेंगे। कभी कभी ऐसा भी हो सकता है के किसी का एक्सीडेंट हुआ हो और आप उस गाड़ी के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त करना चाह रहे हों।<br />
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जरा सोचिए अगर आपको ऐसी जानकारी बस एक SMS से मिल जाए तो ! क्यूंकी ऐसी जानकारी प्राप्त करना अब हो गया है बहुत ही आसान आपको बस एक SMS करना है और सारी जानकारी आपको एक सेकंड में मिल जाएगी। <b>That means You have to send an SMS containing Registration Number to Check the Registration Details by Vehicle Number (Vehicle Tracking with Vehicle Registration Number)</b><br />
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<table><tbody>
<tr><th style="text-align: left;"><b> SMS कैसे करें ? </b>
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<b>SMS ऐसे करें -
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SMS में लिखें : <b>VAHAN <<i>Registration Number</i>></b> और भेज दीजिये <b>7738299899 </b>पर।</blockquote>
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<b>उदाहरण के लिए</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
SMS में लिखें : <b>VAHAN BR 01 T 1234 </b></blockquote>
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<b>आपको प्राप्त जानकारी इस प्रकार होगी :</b><br />
<blockquote>
MH10T1234[PATNA, BR] <br />
Owner:1- Mr. Xyz <br />
Vehicle:FZ S(Petrol) Motor Cycle <br />
RC/FC Expiry: 01-Jan-17 <br />
MV Tax upto: Lifetime </blockquote>
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b>आप ये जानकारी online भी पा सकते है... <a href="https://vahan.nic.in/nrservices/faces/user/searchstatus.xhtml" target="_blank">जानकारी के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें</a></b></h4>
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<img alt="vehicle%registration%details%by%vehicle%number" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_PDhfpG8lGQ/XxVN18X2SbI/AAAAAAAAhDQ/wFNllat037wN84sOEzMzVOGA9W-CXLDmgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/improving%2Bknowledge%2Bblog.jpg" title="vehicle%registration%details%by%vehicle%number" /></div>
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<table><tbody>
<tr><th style="text-align: left;"><b> अपने Driving Licence का Status कैसे पता करें </b>
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अगर आप अपने <b>Driving Licence का Status</b> जानना चाहते है या आप किसी के <b>Driving Licence को Verify</b> करना चाहते है तो ये काम आप आसानी से online कर सकते है क्यूंकि अब Driving Licence का स्टेटस भी जानना हुआ आसान ।<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
चाहे आप किसी राज्य के क्यू न हों आप Driving Licence का स्टेटस आसानी से जान सकते है </h4>
To know the <b>Status of Driving Licence or to verify the any Driver Licence Number</b>, आपको बस इस <b>address </b>पर जाना है → <a href="https://parivahan.gov.in/rcdlstatus/?pur_cd=101" target="_blank"><b>यहाँ क्लिक करें</b></a> and <b>enter Licence Nunber</b>.<br />
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<b>उदाहरण के लिए</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
इस प्रकार enter कीजिये : Ex: <b>MH092010000011 </b><br />
<i>ध्यान रखें space aur slash को नहीं enter करना है</i> </blockquote>
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इस पोस्ट में मैंने आपको बताया कि कैसे आप आसानी से किसी भी वाहन का<b> Registration Details उसके Registration Number से जान सकते है</b> साथ ही साथ ये भी देखा कि कैसे किसी भी <b>Driving Licence का Status </b>जान सकते है।<br />
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अगर आपको ये जानकारी अच्छी लगी तो इसे आप अपने <b>दोस्तों के साथ Share करें</b>, क्यूंकि <b>Sharing is Caring 😊</b>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14156904828190964559noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-58468624154715371012019-10-22T15:44:00.006+05:302021-01-27T14:06:47.833+05:30भारतीय मुद्रा (रुपया ₹) से जुड़े 31 ग़ज़ब रोचक तथ्य<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #222222;">आप जानते हैं कि कैसे और </span><span style="color: #222222;">कहाँ से </span><span style="color: #222222;">कुछ </span><span style="color: #222222;">भारतीय रोचक बातें उत्पन्न हुई हैं ... </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">जैसे,</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">एक फूटी <b>कौड़ी</b> नहीं दूंगा ... </span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><b>ढेले</b> का काम नहीं करती हमारी बहू ... </span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">चमड़ी जाए पर <b>दमड़ी</b> न जाए ... </span><br />
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>पाई पाई</b> का हिसाब रखना ... इत्यादि.</span></span><br />
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">भारतीय मुद्रा (रुपया ₹) से जुड़े ये 31 ग़ज़ब रोचक तथ्य जानने के बाद आप इन मुहावरों का सही-सही मतलब समझ जाएंगे ।</span></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">पहले जानिए ये रोचक तथ्य ............</span></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">1) भारत में करंसी का इतिहास 2500 साल पुराना हैं। इसकी शुरूआत एक राजा द्वारा की गई थी।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">2) अगर आपके पास आधे से ज्यादा (51 फीसदी) फटा हुआ नोट है तो भी आप बैंक में जाकर उसे बदल सकते हैं।</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3) बात सन् 1917 की हैं, </span><b style="font-family: inherit;">जब 1</b><b style="font-family: inherit;"> रुपया 13 डाॅलर के बराबर हुआ करता था।</b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> फिर 1947 में भारत आजाद हुआ, 1 </span></span>रुपया<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> = 1$ कर दिया गया. फिर धीरे-धीरे भारत पर कर्ज बढ़ने लगा तो सरकार ने कर्ज चुकाने के लिए रूपये की कीमत कम करने का फैसला लिया उसके बाद आज तक रूपये की कीमत घटती आ रही हैं।</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">4) अगर अंग्रेजों का बस चलता तो आज भारत की करंसी पाउंड होती. लेकिन <b>रुपए की मजबूती के कारण</b> ऐसा संभव नही हुआ।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">5) इस समय भारत में 400 करोड़ रूपए के नकली नोट हैं।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">6) सुरक्षा कारणों की वजह से आपको नोट के सीरियल नंबर में I, J, O, X, Y, Z अक्षर नही मिलेंगे।</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">7) हर भारतीय नोट पर किसी न किसी चीज की फोटो छपी होती हैं जैसे- 20 रुपए के नोट पर अंडमान आइलैंड की तस्वीर है। वहीं, 10 रुपए के नोट पर हाथी, गैंडा और शेर छपा हुआ है, जबकि 100 रुपए के नोट पर पहाड़ और बादल की तस्वीर है। <b>नई आई 500 </b></span><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रुपए के नोट पर लाल किला </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">और 2000 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रुपए के नोट पर</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> मंगल यान </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">की तस्वीर है।</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">8) भारतीय नोट पर उसकी कीमत <b>15 भाषाओं </b>में लिखी जाती हैं।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">9) 1 </span>रुपया<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> में 100 पैसे होगे, ये बात सन् 1957 में लागू की गई थी। पहले इसे 16 आने में बाँटा जाता था।</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">10) RBI, ने जनवरी 1938 में पहली बार 5 </span>रुपया<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> की पेपर करंसी छापी थी. जिस पर किंग जार्ज-6 का चित्र था। इसी साल 10,000 </span>रुपया <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">का नोट भी छापा गया था लेकिन 1978 में इसे पूरी तरह बंद कर दिया गया।</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">11) आजादी के बाद पाकिस्तान ने तब तक भारतीय मुद्रा का प्रयोग किया जब तक उन्होनें काम चलाने लायक नोट न छाप लिए।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">12) भारतीय नोट किसी आम <b>कागज के नही, बल्कि काॅटन के</b> बने होते हैं। ये इतने मजबूत होते हैं कि आप नए नोट के दोनो सिरों को पकड़कर उसे फाड़ नही सकते।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">13) एक समय ऐसा था, जब बांग्लादेश ब्लेड बनाने के लिए भारत से 5 रूपए के सिक्के मंगाया करता था. 5 रूपए के एक सिक्के से 6 ब्लेड बनते थे. 1 ब्लेड की कीमत 2 रूपए होती थी तो ब्लेड बनाने वाले को अच्छा फायदा होता था. इसे देखते हुए भारत सरकार ने सिक्का बनाने वाला मेटल ही बदल दिया।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">14) आजादी के बाद सिक्के तांबे के बनते थे। उसके बाद 1964 में एल्युमिनियम के और 1988 में स्टेनलेस स्टील के बनने शुरू हुए।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">15) भारतीय नोट पर <b>महात्मा गांधी </b>की जो फोटो छपती हैं वह तब खीँची गई थी जब गांधीजी, तत्कालीन बर्मा और भारत में ब्रिटिश सेक्रेटरी के रूप में कार्यरत फ्रेडरिक पेथिक लॉरेंस के साथ कोलकाता स्थित वायसराय हाउस में मुलाकात करने गए थे। <b>यह फोटो 1996 में नोटों पर छपनी शुरू हुई थी। इससे पहले महात्मा गांधी की जगह अशोक स्तंभ छापा जाता था।</b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">16) भारत के 500 और 1,000 रूपये के नोट नेपाल में नही चलते।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">17) 500 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">का पहला नोट 1987 में और 1,000 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">पहला नोट सन् 2000 में बनाया गया था।</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">18) भारत में 75, 100 और 1,000 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> के भी सिक्के बन चुके हैं।</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">19) 1 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> का नोट भारत सरकार द्वारा और 2 से 1,000 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> तक के नोट RBI द्वारा जारी किये जाते हैं.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">20) एक समय पर भ्रष्टाचार से लड़ने के लिए </span><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2015/12/zero-rupee-note.html" style="font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><b>0 रूपए का नोट 5th pillar</b></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> नाम की गैर सरकारी संस्था द्वारा जारी किए गए थे। </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">जानिये...</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2015/12/zero-rupee-note.html" target="_blank">करप्शन के खिलाफ ZERO Rupee Note</a></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">21) 10 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> के सिक्के को बनाने में 6.10 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">रूपए </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"> की लागत आती हैं.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">22) नोटो पर सीरियल नंबर इसलिए डाला जाता हैं ताकि आरबीआई(RBI) को पता चलता रहे कि इस समय मार्केट में कितनी करंसी हैं।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">23) रूपया भारत के अलावा इंडोनेशिया, मॉरीशस, नेपाल, पाकिस्तान और श्रीलंका की भी करंसी हैं।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">24) According to RBI, भारत हर साल 2,000 करोड़ करंसी नोट छापता हैं।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">25) कम्प्यूटर पर ₹ टाइप करने के लिए ‘Ctrl+Shift+$’ or 'Alt+8377' के बटन को एक साथ दबावें.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">26) ₹ के इस चिन्ह को <b>2010 में उदय कुमार ने बनाया था</b>। इसके लिए इनको 2.5 लाख रूपयें का इनाम भी मिला था।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">27) <b>क्या RBI जितना मर्जी चाहे उतनी कीमत के नोट छाप सकती हैं ?</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">ऐसा नही हैं, कि RBI जितनी मर्जी चाहे उतनी कीमत के नोट छाप सकती हैं, बल्कि वह सिर्फ 10,000 <span style="color: #222222;">रूपए </span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span>तक के नोट छाप सकती हैं। अगर इससे ज्यादा कीमत के नोट छापने हैं तो उसको रिजर्व बैंक ऑफ इंडिया एक्ट, 1934 में बदलाव करना होगा।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">28)<b> जब हमारे पास मशीन हैं तो हम अनगणित नोट क्यों नही छाप सकते ?</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">हम कितने नोट छाप सकते हैं इसका निर्धारण मुद्रा स्फीति, जीडीपी ग्रोथ, बैंक नोट्स के रिप्लेसमेंट और रिजर्व बैंक के स्टॉक के आधार पर किया जाता है।</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">29) हर सिक्के पर सन् के नीचे एक खास निशान बना होता हैं आप उस निशान को देखकर पता लगा सकते हैं कि ये सिक्का कहाँ बना हैं.</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">मुंबई – हीरा [◆]</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">नोएडा – डाॅट [<b>.</b>]</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">हैदराबाद – सितारा [★]</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">कोलकाता – कोई निशान नहीं.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">30) जानिए, एक नोट कितने रूपयें में छपता हैं।</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">1<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 1.14<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">10<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 0.66<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">20<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 0.94<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">50<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 1.63<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">100<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 1.20<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">500<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 2.45<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">1,000<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span> = 2.67<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">₹</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">31) रूपया, डाॅलर के मुकाबले बेशक कमजोर हैं लेकिन फिर भी कुछ देश ऐसे हैं, <b>जिनकी करंसी के आगे रूपया काफी बड़ा हैं</b> आप कम पैसों में इन देशों में घूमने का लुत्फ उठा सकते हैं.</span><br />
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<li><span><span style="font-family: inherit;">नेपाल (1 </span><span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">= 1.60 नेपाली रुपया)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">आइसलैंड (1 रुपया = 1.94 क्रोन)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">श्रीलंका (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 2.10 श्रीलंकाई रुपया)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">हंगरी (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 4.27 फोरिंट)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">कंबोडिया (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 62.34 रियाल)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">पराग्वे (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 84.73 गुआरनी)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">इंडोनेशिया (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 222.58 इंडोनेशियन रूपैया)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">बेलारूस (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 267.97 बेलारूसी रुबल)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">वियतनाम (1 <span style="color: #222222;">रुपया </span>= 340.39 वियतनामी डॉन्ग).</span></li>
</ul>
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<div style="background-color: #03191d; color: white; font-size: 18px; height: 20px; padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">भारतीय मुद्रा प्रणाली का संशिप्त विवरण</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>पुरानी भारतीय मुद्रा प्रणाली ...</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>फूटी कौड़ी ----> कौड़ी ----> दमड़ी ----> ढ़ेला ----> पाई ----> पैसा ----> रुपया</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>256 दमड़ी = 192 पाई = 128 ढ़ेला = 64 पैसा (old) = 16 आना = 1 रुपया</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">अब तो आप समझ ही गए होंगे कि ये मुहावरे कहाँ से उत्पन्न हुए ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;">एक फूटी <b>कौड़ी</b> नहीं दूंगा... </span><b style="color: #222222;">ढेले</b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"> का काम नहीं करती हमारी बहू... </span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;">चमड़ी जाए पर </span><b style="color: #222222;">दमड़ी</b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"> न जाए... </span><b style="color: #222222;">पाई पाई</b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"> का हिसाब रखना ... इत्यादि.</span></span><br />
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-84374400311836635102019-08-28T11:52:00.001+05:302020-09-10T13:35:22.534+05:30IGNOU MCA (Master of Computer Applications) Course Details, Eligibility, Fee and Books<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Indira Gandhi National Open University - Master of Computer Applications (MCA)</h2>
<div>
This Master‘s Degree Programme has been designed with a semester approach in mind. The first year courses are aimed at skills development in computers using various technologies, the second year is more focused on core courses providing conceptual framework and the third year provides the specialisation and the project work.</div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Minimum Duration</b>: 3 Years</li>
<li><b>Maximum Duration</b>: 6 Years</li>
<li><b>Minimum Age</b>: No bar </li>
<li><b>Maximum Age</b>: No bar</li>
</ul>
<b></b><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>
<b>Eligibility: </b></b></h3>
<b>
</b>Any Bachelor’s degree of minimum 3(three) year duration from a recognized University and “<b>Mathematics as one of the subject at 10+2 level or graduation level</b>; else the student is required to pursue and pass the BCS-012 course concurrently with IGNOU MCA.</div>
<div>
If you had studied Maths at +2 or Graduation level, then you need not register for BCS-012.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Course Fee</b>: </h3>
</div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Rs. 64,800 (Rs. 10,800 per semester).</li>
<li><b>For non-maths students</b>, an additional fee of Rs. 1,200 has to be paid for BCS-012 course.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
MCA Programme Structure </h3>
</div>
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The MCA programme of IGNOU has been divided into<b> two semesters per year</b> (<b>January to June</b> and <b>July to December</b>). Consequently, there will be two examinations every year - one in the month of June for the January to June semester courses and the other in December for the July to December semester courses. </div>
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The students are at liberty to appear for any of the examinations conducted by the University during the year subject to completing the minimum time framework and other formalities prescribed for the programme.<br />
<i><b>The total numbers of courses in this MCA programme are 31 and the total number of credits is 108</b></i><br />
<i><b><br /></b></i>
<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>First Semester</b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="width: 20%;">Code</th><th>Course Title</th></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-011</td><td>Problem Solving and Programming</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-012</td><td>Computer Organisation and Assembly Language Programming</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-013</td><td>Discrete Mathematics</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-014</td><td>Systems Analysis and Design</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-015</td><td>Communication Skills</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSL-016</td><td>Internet Concepts and Web design (Lab Course)</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSL-017</td><td>Lab (C and Assembly Language Programming) (Lab Course)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Second Semester</b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="width: 20%;">Code</th><th>Course Title</th></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-021</td><td>Data and File structures</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-022</td><td>Operating System concepts</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-023</td><td>Introduction to Database Management Systems</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-024</td><td>Object Oriented Technology and Java Programming</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSL-025</td><td>Lab (Data Structures using C, WINDOWS 2000, LINUX / UNIX, Java and MS? ACCESS, My SQL)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Third Semester</b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="width: 20%;">Code</th><th>Course Title</th></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-031</td><td>Design and Analysis of Algorithms</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-032</td><td>Object Oriented Analysis and Design</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-033</td><td>Advanced Discrete Mathematics</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-034</td><td>Software Engineering</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-035</td><td>Accountancy and Financial Management</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSL-036</td><td>Lab (based on MCS-032, 034 and 035)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Fourth Semester </b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="width: 20%;">Code</th><th>Course Title</th></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-041</td><td>Operating Systems</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-042</td><td>Data Communication and Networks</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-043</td><td>Advanced Database Management Systems</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-044</td><td>Mini Project</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSL-045</td><td>UNIX and DBMS LAB</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Fifth Semester </b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="width: 20%;">Code</th><th>Course Title</th></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-051</td><td>Advanced Internet Technologies</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-052</td><td>Principles of Management and Information Systems</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCS-053</td><td>Computer Graphics and Multimedia</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSL-054</td><td>Lab (based on MCS-051 & 053)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><b>Elective Courses *</b></td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSE-003</td><td>Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSE-004</td><td>Numerical and Statistical Computing</td></tr>
<tr><td>MCSE-011</td><td>Parallel Computing</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Sixth Semester</b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="width: 20%;">Code</th><th>Course Title</th></tr>
<tr><td>MCSP-060</td><td>Project</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b><i>* 3 elective courses are on offer and a student needs to select all of them.</i></b>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Other Related Information</h3>
<b>Evaluation :</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Completion of the programme requires successful completion of <b>both assignment component and the Term End Examination component</b> for each of the course's in the programme. The <b>total numbers of courses in this MCA programme are 31 and the total number of credits is 108</b>.</li>
<li>Continuous evaluation through Assignment with a weightage of 25% . Viva- voice is compulsory for all the Assignments for which 20 marks are allocated. Term-end examination with a weightage of 75%.</li>
</ol>
<b><i>Note: A learner should not apply for appearing at the term-end examination of any course without getting registered for the same and that if she/he does so, her/his result would not be declared and the onus shall be on him.</i></b><br />
<br />
<b>Assignments and Term End Examination :-</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The main purpose of assignments is to test student's comprehension of learning the materials they receive from the University and also to help them get through the courses by providing feedback to them. </li>
<li>The information given in the printed course materials should be sufficient for answering the assignments. However, as the Computer Science is ever enhancing area, the students should make an attempt and work with extra reading material easily available in the study centre / Regional Centre libraries or through websites for working on the assignments. This will enhance your learning capabilities.</li>
</ul>
Mostly the assignments are designed in such a way as to help you concentrate mainly on the printed course material, exploit their personal experiences and apply the knowledge gained from various sources.<br />
<br />
<b>Assignments :-</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>There will be only one assignment for each course worth 100 marks (weightage of 25%). The set of all the assignments for each semester are given in one booklet that you will get along with your course material as well as the same will be uploaded on the IGNOU's website also.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="ignou%mca%master%of%computer%applications%course%details%eligibility%and%fee" border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="1179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7MPCUolJqT1QNGsQc2NZ1jFyPpYnit18QmA4ZR-dhYf3rp0-LpmPMQPPGtlXCR4v4_cLX90o9WCFYiMALCw5b6IxX-W6LPsT0XfgDbcDB14ocqG4Ip-OqXT-8KCEi-SBcJVCzNgD2GIsv/s1600/ignou-mca-course-details-complete-guide-improving-knowledge.jpg" title="ignou%mca%master%of%computer%applications%course%details%eligibility%and%fee" /></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>For more details : <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z3ElD_ymNQ2-8SSxFcqAUFqlRNNbao5e/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download the MCA Programme Guide</a></b><br />
<br />
<b>Contact details: </b><br />
<div>
E-Mail ID : mca@ignou.ac.in<br />
Telephone Number: +91-011-29572902, 011-29533436<br />
<br />
<div style="border: 1px solid #032f37; padding: 10px;">
<span style="color: red;"><b><i><span style="color: red;">Books of IGNOU MCA are available for Free Download</span> ⇓⇓⇓⇓</i></b></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2018/04/ignou-mca-first-semester-books-free-download.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MCA<b> First Semester</b> Books</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2018/04/ignou-mca-second-semester-books-free-download.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MCA <b>Second Semester</b> Books.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2018/04/ignou-mca-third-semester-study-material-free-download.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MCA <b>Third Semester</b> Books.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2018/04/ignou-mca-fourth-semester-books-free.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MCA <b>Fourth Semester</b> Books.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2018/04/ignou-mca-fifth-semester-books-free-download.html" target="_blank">IGNOU MCA <b>Fifth Semester</b> Books.</a></li>
<li>IGNOU MCA <b>Sixth Semester</b> Books.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>Share it with your friend ...</i></b></h4>
</div>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-11263492101634278882019-08-08T14:08:00.000+05:302019-08-08T14:08:58.772+05:30भोजन की यात्रा - Spaghetti और आलू<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
हमारे खाद्य पदार्थ दूर देशों के बीच सांस्कृतिक आदान-प्रदान के कई उदाहरण पेश करते हैं। जब भी व्यापारी और मुसाफिर किसी नए देश में जाते थे, जाने-अनजाने वहाँ नयी फसलों के बीज बो आते थे। संभव है कि दुनिया के विभिन्न भागों में मिलने वाले ‘<b>झटपट तैयार होने वाले</b>’ (Ready) खाद्य पदार्थों के भी साझा श्रोत रहे हों। स्पैघेत्ती (Spaghetti) और नूडल्स का ही उदाहरण लें। माना जाता है कि नूडल्स चीन से पश्चिम में पहुँचे और वहाँ उन्हीं से स्पैघेत्ती का जन्म हुआ, या संभव है कि पास्ता अरब यात्रियों के साथ पाँचवीं सदी में सिसली पहुँचा जो अब इटली का ही एक टापू है।<br />
<br />
इसी तरह के आहार भारत और जापान में भी पाए जाते हैं इसलिए हो सकता कि हम कभी यह न जान सकें कि उनका जन्म कैसे हुआ होगा। फिर भी, इन अनुमानों के आधार पर इतना जरूर कहा जा सकता है कि आधुनिक काल से पहले भी दूर देशों के बीच सांस्कृतिक लेन-देन चल रहा होगा।<br />
<br />
आलू, सोया, मूँगफली, मक्का, टमाटर, मिर्च, शकरकंद और ऐसे ही बहुत सारे दूसरे खाद्य पदार्थ लगभग पाँच सौ साल पहले हमारे पूर्वजों के पास नहीं थे। ये खाद्य पदार्थ यूरोप और एशिया में तब पहुँचे जब क्रिस्टोफर कोलंबस गलती से उन अज्ञात महाद्वीपों में पहुँच गया था जिन्हें बाद में अमेरिका के नाम से जाना जाने लगा।<br />
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दरअसल, हमारे बहुत सारे खाद्य पदार्थ अमेरिका के मूल निवासियों यानी अमेरिकन इंडियनों से हमारे पास आए हैं। कई बार नयी फसलों के आने से जीवन में जमीन-आसमान का फर्क आ जाता था। साधारण से आलू का स्तेमाल शुरू करने पर यूरोप के गरीबों की जिंदगी आमूल रूप से बदल गई थी। उनका भोजन बेहतर हो गया और उनकी औसत उम्र बढ़ने लगी।<br />
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आयरलैंड के गरीब काश्तकार तो आलू पर इस हद तक निर्भर हो चुके थे कि जब 1840 के दशक के मध्य में किसी बीमारी के कारण आलू की फसल खराब हो गई तो लाखों लोग भुखमरी के कारण मौत के मुँह में चले गए।<br />
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वेनिस एवं पूर्वी विश्व से आए व्यापारी चीजों की अदला-बदली करते हुए,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
मार्को पोलो, बुक आफ मार्वल्स, पंद्रहवीं सदी।
</div>
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
ये भी जानें... <a href="http://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/04/silk-route.html">रेशम मार्ग (सिल्क रूट) से जुड़ती दुनिया</a></blockquote>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-15387245138290914482019-06-29T11:36:00.000+05:302019-06-29T11:36:57.985+05:30Pattern of IGNOU MBA Openmat Entrance Exam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The candidates are advised to prepare for exam keeping in mind the entrance exam pattern. This will keep them focused and lead to comprehensive preparation. <br />
<br />
<b>The OPENMAT Entrance Exam consists of four tests :</b><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Test 1 comprises of 30 questions of General Awareness.</li>
<li>Test II consists of 50 questions of English language. </li>
<li>Test III is of Quantitative Aptitude which consists of 50 questions and </li>
<li>Test IV is of Reasoning consisting of 70 questions. </li>
</ul>
<br />
<b>Instructions : </b>There are <b>200 MCQs of one mark each</b>. Every correct answer is rewarded with 1 mark. Remember that<b> no negative marking in OPENMAT</b> examination. OMR sheets must be filled by only blue or black ball point pen as per the Exam Pattern of IGNOU OPENMAT.<br />
<b>Duration of 3 hours </b>is provided in order to solve the questions.<br />
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No calculators, cell phones, books, slide- rules, notebooks or written notes extra will be allowed inside the examination hall.<br />
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<img alt="ignou-openmat-exam-pattern-improving-knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS5VtOs9r93ADYpSiAGqaelTtD7w20QsuIitxAAiP3WsTJSd0nm603jZqejdkISWhtraMLLp0Jppt3leGOSbpQ6kkfeT7CrZ70byMb_X4FrdG7yKJwD7m4nf4JlbXDzOKk0cFzSwaX9qeA/s1600/ignou-openmat-exam-pattern-improving-knowledge.jpg" title="ignou-openmat-exam-pattern-improving-knowledge" /></div>
<div>
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<div>
The Syllabus of <b>IGNOU MBA OPENMAT</b> exam is as under :-<br />
<br />
<b>General Awareness:</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>General Knowledge </li>
<li>Countries </li>
<li>Sports CE </li>
<li>Persons, awards </li>
<li>National CE </li>
<li>History Of India </li>
<li>Democratic policy </li>
</ol>
<b>English:</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Antonym </li>
<li>Synonym </li>
<li>Choose the pair </li>
<li>Comprehension </li>
<li>Idioms and phrases </li>
<li>Choose analogous pair </li>
<li>Sentence improvement </li>
</ol>
<b>Quantitative aptitude:</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Number system </li>
<li>HCF and LCM </li>
<li>Averaging </li>
<li>Number series </li>
<li>Decision making </li>
<li>Fractions </li>
<li>Simplification </li>
<li>Profit loss </li>
<li>Permutation and combination </li>
<li>Percentages </li>
<li>Ages </li>
</ol>
<b>Reasoning</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Cubes and dice questions </li>
<li>Number test </li>
<li>Direction and distance </li>
<li>Logical diagrams </li>
<li>Logical Reasoning </li>
<li>Analytical Reasoning </li>
<li>Blood Relation </li>
<li>Number series </li>
<li>Letter series </li>
<li>Complete word analogy </li>
<li>Number analogy test </li>
<li>Letter test </li>
</ol>
<b><i>For understanding the difficulty level of the exam, please find the sample paper provided at the end of Prospectus. </i></b>I recommended you to <b>buy any one of the following books for IGNOU Openmat Entrance Exam Guide</b>. These books available in Amazon is helpful:-<br />
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</div>
</div>
<div>
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<center>
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</iframe>
</center>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Check .... </b><b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/08/ignou-mba-admission-process-openmat-schedule.html">IGNOU MBA Admission Process</a></b></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-29703123032208593602019-06-27T11:35:00.000+05:302019-06-27T11:39:45.578+05:30प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण तथा मानवीय पर्यावरण : हमारे जीवन का मूल आधार<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>पयार्वरण का महत्व</b> जानना हमारे लिए बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि पर्यावरण हमारे जीवन का मूल आधार है। यह हमें साँस लेने के लिए हवा, पीने के लिए जल, खाने के लिए भोजन एवं रहने के लिए भूमि प्रदान करता है।
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भूमि, जल, वायु, पेड़-पौधे एवं जीव-जंतु मिलकर <b>प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण</b> बनाते हैं। पृथ्वी की ठोस पर्पटी या कठोर ऊपरी परत को <b>स्थलमंडल </b>कहते हैं। यह चट्टानों एवं खनिजों से बना होता है एवं मिट्टी की पतली परत से ढ़ँका होता है। यह पहाड़, पठार, मैदान, घाटी आदि जैसी विभिन्न स्थलाकृतियों वाला विषम धरातल होता है। ये स्थलाकृतियाँ महाद्वीपों के अलावा महासागर की सतह पर भी पाई जाती हैं। स्थलमंडल वह क्षेत्र है, जो हमें वन, कृषि एवं मानव बस्तियों के लिए भूमि, पशुओं को चरने के लिए घासस्थल प्रदान करता है। यह खनिज संपदा का भी एक स्रोत है।<br />
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जल के क्षेत्र को <b>जलमंडल </b>कहते हैं। यह जल के विभिन्न स्रोतों जैसे नदी, झील, समुद्र, महासागर आदि जैसे विभिन्न जलाशयों से मिलकर बनता है। यह सभी प्राणियों के लिए आवश्यक है। पादप एवं जीव-जंतु मिलकर <b>जैवमंडल </b>या सजीव संसार का निर्माण करते हैं। यह पृथ्वी का वह संकीर्ण क्षेत्र है, जहाँ स्थल, जल एवं वायु मिलकर जीवन को संभव बनाते हैं।<br />
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पृथ्वी के चारों ओर फैली वायु की पतली परत को <b>वायुमंडल </b>कहते हैं। पृथ्वी का गुरुत्वाकर्षण बल अपने चारों ओर के वायुमंडल को थामे रखता है। यह सूर्य की झुलसाने वाली गर्मी एवं हानिकारक किरणों से हमारी रक्षा करता है। इसमे कई प्रकार की गैस, धूल-कण एवं जलवाष्प उपस्थित रहते हैं। वायुमंडल में परिवर्तन होने से मौसम एवं जलवायु में परिवर्तन होता है।<br />
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<img alt="natural-environment-and-human-environment-the-basis-of-our-life" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3v4QNnJU9v9lNTcA456im-Sa9d-GCeCPEuGYWq6T3QABSqLwJLOTp4kxVS9Jay1JBV5-gSrBPUrgYNrbfTymlP-DkUe0eK1jBBIzQbduDaotR7nTC9Z-Xao0789p9ydMhddgj2FvK1M1f/s1600/natural-environment-and-human-environment-the-basis-of-our-life.jpg" title="natural-environment-and-human-environment-the-basis-of-our-life" />
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मानव अपने पर्यावरण के साथ पारस्परिक क्रिया करता है और उसमें अपनी आवश्यकता के अनुसार परिवर्तन करता है। प्रारंभिक मानव ने स्वयं को प्रकृति के अनुरूप बना लिया था। उनका जीवन सरल था एवं आस-पास की प्रकृति से उनकी आवश्यकताएँ पूरी हो जाती थी।<br />
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समय के साथ कई प्रकार की आवश्यकताएँ बढ़ीं। मानव ने पर्यावरण के उपयोग और उसमें परिवर्तन करने के कई तरीके सीख लिए। उसने फ़सल उगाना, पशु पालना एवं स्थायी जीवन जीना सीख लिया। पहिए का आविष्कार हुआ, आवश्यकता से अधिक अन्न उपजाया गया, वस्तु-विनिमय पद्धति का विकास हुआ, व्यापार आरंभ हुआ एवं वाणिज्य का विकास हुआ। <b>औद्योगिक क्रांति</b> से बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन प्रारंभ हो गया। परिवहन तेज गति से प्रारंभ हुआ। सूचना क्रांति से पूरे विश्व में संचार, सहज और द्रुत हो गया।<br />
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<b>प्राकृतिक एवं मानवीय पर्यावरण के महत्व को समझना और इनके बीच सही संतुलन होना आवश्यक है।</b>
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ये भी जानिए >> <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/11/the-interior-of-our-earth.html">हमारी पृथ्वी का आंतरिक भाग</a></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-64295494935989227482019-06-11T13:30:00.000+05:302019-06-29T10:29:02.913+05:30IGNOU MBA Course details and Fees<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>School of Management Studies - Indira Gandhi National Open University -</b><br />
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IGNOU follows a modular approach in its programme offerings. If you take admission into MBA and for some reason not able to complete all the courses you will be provided with an exit point. If you complete five (5) courses in a particular specialization along with one (1) compulsory basic course you would be awarded <b>Post Graduate Diploma</b> in that particular specialization.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Minimum Duration: 2 Years</li>
<li>Maximum Duration: 5 Years</li>
<li>Course Fee: Rs. 37,800 (21x1800/-)</li>
<li>Minimum Age: No bar </li>
<li>Maximum Age: No bar </li>
</ul>
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<img alt="ignou-mba-course-details-complete-guide-1-improving-knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4AMGJ7l-Nw1BC5gnntx2GwJNXtnJNZYRl2WNCBhZHTUJf1YJd2G6ulgiQcod5lG25dOqyr7qfy8WnlTmFNA_OGSjaV3Z8zp9kk6hkD0CTIWah_1tpMvc-8pC22q89_GLZ6CVyM-I0UvZ/s1600/ignou-mba-course-details-complete-guide-1-improving-knowledge.jpg" title="ignou-mba-course-details-complete-guide-1-improving-knowledge" /><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
The <b>MBA Programme consists of 21 courses in all</b>. These comprise of :</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>All the courses in PGDIM (Eleven Courses) i.e. <b>MS-1 to MS-11.</b></li>
<li><b>Five courses</b> from any one of the <b>specialisation streams.</b></li>
<li><b>Compulsory Courses</b> (MS-91, MS-95).</li>
<li><b>One elective course</b> out of MS-92/93/94/96/97.</li>
<li>Project Course (<b>MS-100</b>) equivalent to 2 courses.</li>
</ol>
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<img alt="ignou-mba-course-details-complete-guide-improving-knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJo-1bvpuZ_WwknxlaTTzqjkRdLLLhFN4rlhLdy5YKWf2QtmliaAz1aQw-gX1gVYHzuVr29CG844p6WrQrtW2hRI1QetsSocFXnv4RvX1fcx1YmwdgAtVP0_npPSdiu6d5Y1590pBmGWLa/s640/ignou-mba-course-details-complete-guide-improving-knowledge.jpg" title="ignou-mba-course-details-complete-guide-improving-knowledge" /><br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Scheme of Study in Management Programme:</b></h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr><td width="32%"><b>To qualify for</b></td><td><b>Should successfully completed</b></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>DIM </b> (Diploma in Management)</td><td>Should successfully completed courses of MS 01, MS 02, MS 03 and any of two from MS 04, MS 05, MS 06, MS 07.</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>PGDIM </b>:</td><td>Should successfully completed all courses from MS 01 to MS 11.</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>PGSDM </b>:</td><td>Should successfully completed PGDIM and all 05 courses from area of specialization.</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>MBA</b></td><td>Should successfully completed all 21 courses and Project (MS 100)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Read ... <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/04/ignou-mba-marks-and-grade-calculation.html" target="_blank">How the percentage of marks are Calculated in IGNOU MBA</a></blockquote>
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In Master of Business Administration (<b>MBA</b>) Programme, <b>semester system is followed as</b>:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>January to June (<b>first semester</b> of the year) and</li>
<li>July to December (<b>second semester</b> of the year).</li>
</ol>
<b>The following courses are on offer in First and Second Semesters respectively. </b>The students should opt for registration of those courses only which are on offer during a particular semester.<br />
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<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>January Session (January to June)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th width="25%">Code</th>
<th>Course Title</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 1</td>
<td>Management Functions and Behaviour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 2</td>
<td>Management of Human Resources</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 3</td>
<td>Economic and Social Environment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 4</td>
<td>Accounting and Finance for Managers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 5</td>
<td>Management of Machines and Materials</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 6</td>
<td>Marketing for Managers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 7</td>
<td>Information Systems for Managers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 8</td>
<td>Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 9</td>
<td>Managerial Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 10</td>
<td>Organisational Design, Development & Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 11</td>
<td>Strategic Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 91</td>
<td>Advanced Strategic Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 95</td>
<td>Research Methodology for Management Decisions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 100</td>
<td>Project Work (equivalent to two courses)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 21</td>
<td>Social Processes and Behavioural Issues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 22</td>
<td>Human Resource Development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 23</td>
<td>Human Resource Planning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 24</td>
<td>Employment Relations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 41</td>
<td>Working Capital Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 42</td>
<td>Capital Investment and Financing Decisions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 43</td>
<td>Management Control Systems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 51</td>
<td>Operations Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 52</td>
<td>Project Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 53</td>
<td>Production/Operations Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 54</td>
<td>Management Information Systems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 61</td>
<td>Consumer Behaviour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 62</td>
<td>Sales Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 63</td>
<td>Product Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 64</td>
<td>International Marketing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 65</td>
<td>Marketing of Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 92</td>
<td>Management of Public Enterprises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 93</td>
<td>Management of New and Small Enterprises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 1</td>
<td>Equity Markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 2</td>
<td>Equity Derivatives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 3</td>
<td>Commodity Markets</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>July Session (July to December)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th width="25%">Code</th>
<th>Course Title</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 1</td>
<td>Management Functions and Behaviour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 2</td>
<td>Management of Human Resources</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 3</td>
<td>Economic and Social Environment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 4</td>
<td>Accounting and Finance for Managers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 5</td>
<td>Management of Machines and Materials</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 6</td>
<td>Marketing for Managers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 7</td>
<td>Information Systems for Managers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 8</td>
<td>Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 9</td>
<td>Managerial Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 10</td>
<td>Organisational Design, Development & Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 11</td>
<td>Strategic Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 91</td>
<td>Advanced Strategic Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 95</td>
<td>Research Methodology for Management Decisions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 100</td>
<td>Project Work (equivalent to two courses)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 25</td>
<td>Managing Change in Organisations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 26</td>
<td>Organisational Dynamics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 27</td>
<td>Wage and Salary Administration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 28</td>
<td>Labour Laws</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 29</td>
<td>International Human Resource Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 44</td>
<td>Security Analysis and Portfolio Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 45</td>
<td>International Financial Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 46</td>
<td>Management of Financial Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 55</td>
<td>Logistics and Supply Chain Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 56</td>
<td>Materials Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 57</td>
<td>Maintenance Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 58</td>
<td>Management of R&D and Innovation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 66</td>
<td>Marketing Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 68</td>
<td>Management of Marketing Communication and Advertising</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 611</td>
<td>Rural Marketing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 612</td>
<td>Retail Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 94</td>
<td>Technology Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 96</td>
<td>Total Quality Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 97</td>
<td>International Business</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 4</td>
<td>Currency and Debt Markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 5</td>
<td>Professionals in Financial Markets Practice</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Compulsory Courses</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25%">MS 91</td>
<td>Advanced Strategic Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 95</td>
<td>Research Methodology for Management Decisions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 100</td>
<td>Project course (Equivalent to two courses)</td>
</tr>
<tr></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Elective Courses (choose any one)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25%">MS 92</td>
<td>Management of Public Enterprises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 93</td>
<td>Management of New and Small Enterprises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 94</td>
<td>Technology Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 96</td>
<td>Total Quality Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 97</td>
<td>International Business</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><th style="text-align: left;"><b> Specialisation Diploma Programmes (PGSDMs)</b>
</th></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The Specialisation Programme in Functional Areas presently consists of <b>5 streams</b> of functional area P.G. Diplomas listed below. <br />
<br />
In order to qualify for a particular specialisation P.G. Diploma a student is required to successfully complete <b>five courses in all from that particular stream.</b><br />
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><b>Specialised Courses are as under :</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Human Resource Management (PGDHRM)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25%">MS 21</td>
<td>Social process and Behavioural Issues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 22</td>
<td>Human Resource Development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 23</td>
<td>Human Resource Planning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 24</td>
<td>Employment Relations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 25</td>
<td>Managing Change in Organisations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 26</td>
<td>Organisational Dynamics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 27</td>
<td>Wage and Salary Administration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 28</td>
<td>Labour Laws</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 29</td>
<td>International Human Resource Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Financial Management (PGDFM)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 41</td>
<td>Working Capital Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 42</td>
<td>Capital Investment and Financing Decisions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 43</td>
<td>Management Control Systems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 44</td>
<td>Security Analysis and Portfolio Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 45</td>
<td>International Financial Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 46</td>
<td>Management Of Financial Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Operational Management (PGDOM)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 51</td>
<td>Operations Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 52</td>
<td>Project Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 53</td>
<td>Production/ Operations Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 54</td>
<td>Management Information Systems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 55</td>
<td>Logistics and Supply Chain Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 56</td>
<td>Materials Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 57</td>
<td>Maintenance Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 58</td>
<td>Management of R&D and Innovation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Marketing Management (PGDMM)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 61</td>
<td>Consumer Behaviour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 62</td>
<td>Sales Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 63</td>
<td>Product Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 64</td>
<td>International Marketing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 65</td>
<td>Marketing of Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 66</td>
<td>Marketing Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 68</td>
<td>Management of Marketing Communication and Advertising</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 611</td>
<td>Rural Marketing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MS 612</td>
<td>Retail Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fa5858;"><b>Financial Markets Practice (PGDFMP)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 1</td>
<td>Equity Markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 2</td>
<td>Equity Derivatives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 3</td>
<td>Commodity Markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 4</td>
<td>Currency and Debt Markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MFP 5</td>
<td>Professionals in Financial Markets Practice</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<h2>
Fee of IGNOU MBA Programme</h2>
The fees for <b>each course of IGNOU MBA is Rs. 1,800/-</b> and therefore total Fees for IGNOU's MBA is 21*1800 = <b>Rs. 37,800</b>. <br />
<br />
<i>Apart from this the Term End Exam Fees i.e. for appearing in semester exam is applicable as Rs 120 per course</i>.
<br />
<br />
Check.....<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/08/ignou-mba-admission-process-openmat-schedule.html">IGNOU MBA Admission Process.</a></li>
<li><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2017/04/ignou-mba-e-books-all-ms-free-download.html">Free Download IGNOU MBA Books.</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-63852421991266214742019-05-31T17:15:00.000+05:302019-05-31T17:15:34.918+05:30हमारी पृथ्वी का आंतरिक भाग (the interior of the earth)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
एक प्याज की तरह पृथ्वी भी एक के ऊपर एक संकेंद्री (Concentrated) परतों से बनी है । पृथ्वी की सतह की सबसे ऊपरी परत को <b>पर्पटी</b> कहते हैं।<br />
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यह सबसे पतली परत होती है। यह महाद्वीपीय structure में 35 किलोमीटर एवं समुद्री सतह में केवल 5 किलोमीटर तक है। महाद्वीपीय structure मुख्य रूप से सिलिका एवं ऐलुमिना जैसे खनिजों से बनी है। इसलिए इसे <b>सिएल </b>(सि-सिलिका तथा एल-एलुमिना) कहा जाता है। महासागर की पर्पटी मुख्यतः सिलिका एवं मैग्नीशियम की बनी है इसलिए इसे <b>सिमै </b>(सि-सिलिका तथा मै-मैग्नीशियम) कहा जाता है ।<br />
<br />
पर्पटी के ठीक नीचे <b>मैंटल </b>होता है जो 2900 किलोमीटर की गहराई तक फैला होता है। इसकी सबसे आंतरिक परत क्रोड है, जिसकी त्रिज्या लगभग 3500 किलामीटर है। यह मुख्यतः निकल एवं लोहे की बनी होती है तथा इसे निफ़े (नि-निकिल तथा फ़े-फ़ैरस) कहते हैं। केंद्रीय क्रोड का तापमान एवं दाब काफी उच्च होता है।<br />
<br />
पृथ्वी की पर्पटी अनेक प्रकार के शैलों से बनी है। पृथ्वी की पर्पटी बनाने वाले खनिज पदार्थ के किसी भी प्राकृतिक पिंड को शैल कहते हैं। शैल विभिन्न रंग, आकार एवं गठन की हो सकती हैं। मुख्य रूप से शैल तीन प्रकार की होती हैं <b>आग्नेय </b>(Ignius), <b>अवसादी </b>(Sedimentary) एवं <b>कायांतरित </b>(Metamorphic) शैल।<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="interion-of-our-earth-shell-cycle-improving-knowledge" border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="900" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7c_20ukUTFgs7nH7UVEkq8zJzCTTueSfjd6_KgcQBqfbm9nncjgUNhbwgTgeIMCFQlqMdSgu0CtJhnQIT02i3RYs_geGDJ3lMZwwcbFaK0CLxc0_48TY8VcWGpFEURts_K7aziUy4TEq3/s1600/interion-of-our-earth.jpg" title="interion-of-our-earth-shell-cycle-improving-knowledge" /></div>
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द्रवित मैग्मा ठंडा होकर ठोस हो जाता है। इस प्रकार बने शैल को <b>आग्नेय शैल</b> कहते हैं। इन्हें प्राथमिक शैल भी कहते हैं। शैल लुढ़ककर, चटककर तथा एक-दूसरे से टकराकर छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों में टूट जाती हैं। इन छोटे कणों को अवसाद कहते हैं। ये अवसाद हवा, जल आदि के द्वारा एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर पहुँचाकर, जमा कर दिए जाते हैं। ये अवसाद दबकर एवं कठोर होकर शैल की परत बनाते हैं। इस प्रकार की शैलों को <b>अवसादी शैल</b> कहते है। उदाहरण के लिए, बलुआ पत्थर, रेत के दानों से बनता है। इन शैलों में पौधों, जानवरों एवं अन्य सूक्ष्म जीवाणुओं, जो कभी इन शैलों पर रहे हैं, के जीवाश्म भी हो सकते हैं। आग्नेय एवं अवसादी शैल उच्च ताप एवं दाब के कारण <b>कायांतरित शैलों</b> में परिवर्तित हो सकती हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, चिकनी मिट्टी स्लेट में एवं चूना पत्थर संगमरमर में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
शैल चक्र क्या है ?</h2>
आपको जानकर आश्चर्य होगा कि किन्हीं निश्चित दशाओं में एक प्रकार की शैल चक्रीय तरीके से एक-दूसरे में परिवर्तित हो जाते हैं। एक शैल से दूसरे शैल में परिवर्तन होने की इस प्रक्रिया को शैल चक्र (Shell cycle) कहते हैं। आप जानते हैं कि द्रवित मैग्मा ठंडा होकर ठोस आग्नेय शैल बन जाता है। ये आग्नेय शैल छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों में टूटकर एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर स्थानांतरित होकर अवसादी शैल का निर्माण करते हैं। ताप एवं दाब के कारण ये आग्नेय एवं अवसादी शैल कायांतरित शैल में बदल जाते हैं। अत्यधिक ताप एवं दाब के कारण कायांतरित शैल पुनः पिघलकर द्रवित मैग्मा बन जाती है। यह द्रवित मैग्मा पुनः ठंडा होकर ठोस आग्नेय शैल में परिवर्तित हो जाता है ।<br />
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-53319229060747002392019-05-25T11:18:00.000+05:302019-05-26T11:11:08.929+05:30What is Blog and Blogging? Everything You should know about Blogging.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="firstcharacter">B</span>logging is the best way to communicate not only with your friends, but also with the world at large without intruding on anyone's privacy. You are not claiming anyone's time on your own. You are not demanding their attention.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
By blogging you interact with the world and the world interacts with you without coming in anyone's way. </blockquote>
<b>Blogging </b>is a way of socializing without stirring out of your living room and without dragging others out of their own houses. Blogging is a public platform to share with the private world of your own thoughts and feelings.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="what-is-blog-and-blogging" border="0" data-original-height="386" data-original-width="682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo-JoVh7W7bPdVm6f88As5UtpbYo88tnnl8CHsfA_LFZjFBPSKSROdMQrb1KHkFUC7_h9LLsAk9Hl2iPX6vIpGxOwInnmC1JTfyr1g7vVSN7k5yytOLymQ71lz8c_1oWoPMV8TMykqHb2B/s1600/what-is-blo-and-blogging.png" title="what-is-blog-and-blogging" /></div>
<br />
There are so many people do search about the possibility of making money from the world of Internet. Amongst the different ideas they come to know that blogging is also a way for making online money. If you are newbie and don't know about the blog or blogging , then you have landed on the right page.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
What is a Blog ?</h2>
So what is a blog ? <b>A blog </b>is a type of website where newer content (called <b>blog posts</b>) appear first. Means blog posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>How a blog is different from a Website ? </b><br />
All blogs are website, but all websites are not blog.<br />
<br />
<b>Lets take example : </b><i>Website of an university and Website of News Channel.</i><br />
In website of university, all information are mostly static like its profile, admission or result announcement etc. It updates information for new notifications or for displaying results which is not frequent, mostly on yearly basis. But, in website of a news channel, it updates frequently may be 10 or 20 news daily. People visits website of university very often or only when they wants to know about them, but people visits news sites regularly may be couple of times in a day.<br />
<br />
In this example, we can say that the university has its Website and Website of News Channel is a blog. So, the only real difference between a blog and other types of website is that blogs are regularly updated with new content.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A <b>website is static</b> in nature where content is organized in pages, and they are not updated frequently. Whereas a <b>blog is dynamic</b>, which updates frequently (once a day, once a week, once a month).</blockquote>
You've probably read blogs more than once, to be honest, you are actually reading a blog post of this blog.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Understand these words :</h2>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Blog or blog website</b> – An online journal/diary that is available on the Internet and updates frequently.</li>
<li><b>Blogger</b> – An individual who is the owner of blog. Person who keeps the blog alive by posting new posts, sharing latest news, information, case-studies, opinions etc.</li>
<li><b>Blog Post</b> – An article or writing that is inside the blog. For example, the article you are currently reading is a “blog post” that is wrote for my blog.</li>
<li><b>Blogging</b> – The action of maintaining/ blog writing. While blogging, I'm able to share information that I feel is important, helpful or interesting for others.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Why people having a blog or why people do blogging :</h2>
Today people wants to know the every thing from Internet, suppose you have any question in your mind then what you do ? try to google it. For example you are working on your computer and got some issues which you are unable to fix then probably you will google your problem.
Sometimes, you may also want to know information or news from Internet.<br />
<br />
It is to be noted that if you have problems, someone (blogger) have solutions. So, there may be a chance that you have solutions of many problems of the world. There may be a topic on which you are master and you can help others on that topic.<br />
<br />
Whether one needs advice, needs to share a personal experience, be aware of the views on any topic, wants to know the today's headlines etc. means whatever you search and found on Internet are the <b>reasons of blogging</b>. Today Blogs and blogging have become an essential part and are needed for most of the generation worldwide.<br />
<br />
<b>So, one of the following may be your reasons of blogging :</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Hobby/ Interest in Writing.</li>
<li>To get your voice heard to the world.</li>
<li>To help others or Share you knowledge with others.</li>
<li>To satisfy your creative side.</li>
<li>Share information that you feel is important, helpful or interesting for others.</li>
<li>and off course for money also.</li>
</ul>
You may think that why money is listed at last. To be honest and as per my experience in blogging you can not make money quickly. Blogging need passion and patience. One your blog has setup and people start visiting you will get money. Then your money making process will be on <b>Autopilot Mode</b> means your blog will make money even when you may be sleeping. Thats why it said that<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Blogging is the best way for making money from the world of Internet.</blockquote>
<b><span style="color: blue;">Read : </span> </b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/03/md-eftekhar-alam-and-my-blogging-journey.html" target="_blank">My Blogging Journey.</a><br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
How blogger earn ?</h2>
One thing that I would like to say that blogging is the best way for making money from the world of Internet as in blogging you're the boss of what you are doing. Blogger earn through different kinds of monetization techniques.<br />
Like :<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Advertisements through Adsense.</li>
<li>Affiliate marketing. One of the most popular methods for monetizing a blog.</li>
<li>Email marketing.</li>
<li>Sell your ebooks.</li>
<li>Sell courses.</li>
<li>Sell products.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Things needed to start a blog</h2>
Everyone in the world can start their own blog but it is necessary to understand that how a blog can be created and what are the requirement.
So, to start a blog mainly following are needed :<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Blogging Platform</b> : A blogging platform is a tool or software or service that you can use to publish your content on the Internet in the form of a blog post. A blog platform is a specific form of a content management system. The most popular blogging platforms are <b>Wordpress and Blogger (Blogspot).</b></li>
<li><b>Domain Name</b> : A domain name <b>is the address</b> of your blog where Internet users can access your website. </li>
<li><b>Hosting Provider</b> : A hosting or web hosting service provider provides the technologies and services needed for the blog to be viewed in the Internet. Blogs are hosted, or stored, on special computers called servers. In simple word <b>Hosting is a place</b> on Internet where all contents (like blog posts, images, videos, code etc) of your blog will be stored which will be provided to your readers or your blog visitors.</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
How to create your own Blog ?</h2>
Since blog is also a website and when any one think for setting up a website the first thing that comes into mind is <b>coding </b>and if you're not a technical guy and don't know about coding then you may think that setup website is not possible. <b>This mythology is totally wrong today.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
We live in <b>Era of Technology</b> and there are a lots of tools and services are available through which you can setup a blog or website with zero coding from you. The good thing is that even if you are not techy and don't know coding you can think and set up your own blog by yourself.<br />
<br />
So, <b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/05/start-a-wordpress-website.html" target="_blank">How to Start a Blog</a></b>. There are mainly two type of blog can be started :<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Free hosted blog :</b> Which are completely free for the people with limitations. Blogger.com is most popular for free hosted blogs. </li>
<li><b>Self hosted blog :</b> Where you have to buy domain name and hosting plan. You have to choose blogging platform also. Wordpress.com is most popular for self hosted blog. </li>
</ul>
Now the question is <i>How to choose right platform.</i><br />
<b>Choose </b><b>Free hosted blog :</b> If you newbie and want to learn about blogging.<br />
<br />
<b>Choose </b><b>Self hosted blog </b><b>: If you:</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Have long-term goals.</li>
<li>Intend to make more money online.</li>
<li>Are a professional running a company.</li>
<li>Want to advertise a product.</li>
</ul>
However, it is highly recommended to choose <b>self-hosted WordPress</b> as your blog platform.<br />
<b>But Why ?</b> Because WordPress is the most popular website platform in the world. It powers nearly about 35% of all websites on the Internet. WordPress is free and comes with thousands of website designs and extensions. It is extremely flexible and works with almost every third-party tool and service available to website owners.<br />
<br />
<b>How to Start a Self Hosted Wordpress Blog :</b><br />
Now the question is How much does a self-hosted WordPress Blog or webisite cost?
The answer to this question is really depends on what kind of website you want to build. A business website can cost as low as $100 per year and can go as high as $30,000 per year. It is recommend that start a small and then add more features to your blog as your business grows. This way you can save money, minimize losses and avoiding overspending. There are mainly two part of the cost, hosting service cost and domain name cost.<br />
<br />
Following two hosting service provider are most popular and recommended for the newbie :<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Bluehost :</b> Normal Cost of hosting is $7.99 per year. However, <a href="https://www.bluehost.com/track/eftekhar" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">you can go thorugh this link and get a special price $3.95 (50.5% discount) plus free domain name</a>.</li>
<li><b>Siteground</b> Normal Cost of hosting is $11.95 per year. However, <a href="https://www.siteground.com/index.htm?afcode=d9fe0711745444c76a4f220604133a18" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">you can go thorugh this link get a special price $3.95 (66.9% discount).</a></li>
</ol>
That means a blog hosting cost is around $47.40 per year (3.95*12) plus cost of domain which is around $10 - $15 per year, depending on registrar.
<br />
<br />
But if you select <a href="https://www.bluehost.com/track/eftekhar" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bluehost Hosting plan</a> you can save cost of domain for one year. Means the cost of blog for a year a less than $50. I have written a detailed post about how to start a Self Hosted Blog.
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><span style="color: blue;">Read:</span></b> . <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/05/start-a-wordpress-website.html" target="_blank">Step by step Free Guide about How to Start a Blog</a>.</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/05/start-a-wordpress-website.html" target="_blank"><img alt="start-a-blog" border="0" data-original-height="111" data-original-width="744" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLaUaVxeLGL3-bJE3fVvg0f1gvQR5GRyL7oISzOdbF6e3zw3m25W62ffagwUEc-Z_ZxJ5mQlIGaXgNmidkEaCzwwlNyzh6m_ekbxAucEvWBhvVqqnAV0iQgBvgjcItatDt2ypETn5LVwBV/s1600/start-a-blog-step-by-step-post-ad.jpg" title="start-a-blog" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Final Thoughts (Conclusion)</b></h2>
Through this post I have tried to answer the<b> FAQ about Blog and Blogging</b>. There are lot of contents in this post and you may feel a bit overwhelmed. So let me make it even easier :<br />
<br />
If you liked information of this post and you want to start your own blog. Then take <a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/05/start-a-wordpress-website.html" target="_blank">this free step by step guide</a> about how to start a blog. Overall Nothing is better than following your passion and earning passive income via Blogging.<br />
<br />
If you found the post useful <b>do share with your friends</b> and let them know about blogging.<br />
<i>Thank you and happy blogging!</i></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14156904828190964559noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-43967078141799343792019-05-25T10:54:00.000+05:302019-05-26T01:23:38.143+05:30How to start a Self Hosted Wordpress Blog – Step by Step Guide for Beginner (Free)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="firstcharacter">W</span>hen we think to setting up a Blog or website the first thing that comes into mind is <b>coding </b>and if you're not a technical guy and don't know about coding then you may think that setup website is not possible. <b>This mythology is totally wrong today. </b>As we live in <b>Era of Technology</b> and there are a lots of tools and services are available through which you can setup a blog or website with zero coding from you.<br />
<br />
The good thing is that even if you are not techy and don't know coding you can think and set up your own blog by yourself. Are you looking to make a money making blog? Want to start a blog and get paid by blogging? You have landed on the right page, after going through <b>this guide </b>you will definitely be able to <b>setup a blog by yourself</b>.<br />
<br />
Before going to start, I want to recommend you to read this post :<br />
<b><span style="color: blue;">Read:</span> </b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/05/what-is-blog-and-blogging.html" target="_blank">Everything you should know about Blog and Blogging.</a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="start-a-blog-newbie-blogger-post" border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="523" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFcoO2qKI32UU9lC7vx54ZB5v-KH-2ifv2iTdUCTPhUg9-Oue3DHnX2UGiKtxiK7EBaNv-6ODF01ZiwVnimnQHFcUIykslZfL7Q6nUIFn10RKEnMADGMsoqr1keuy4b5V5N2syp-Tmfew8/s1600/start-a-blog-newbie-blogger-post.png" title="start-a-blog-newbie-blogger-post" /></div>
<br />
In this era of technology nothing is better than following your passion and earning passive income via this. So start your new journey.<br />
<br />
<b>What do we need to build a Blog?</b><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>A domain name i.e. address of your blog / website.</li>
<li>WordPress hosting where your blog contents will be stored.</li>
<li>Your attention on this guide.</li>
</ol>
Lets take an overview from Start to Finish of all the steps to create a blog that you will walk through in this guide :<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Step 1 : Pick the blog topic and domain name.</li>
<li>Step 2 : Setup of Domain Name, Hosting Service and Wordpress :</li>
<ul>
<li>Pick a domain name and hosting for your blog. </li>
<li>How to find and register a domain name for free?</li>
<li>Install WordPress.</li>
</ul>
<li>Step 3 : Setup the design of the blog. Select Theme to change your site’s design.</li>
<li>Step 4 : Add Content to Your Site. Write your first blog post.</li>
<li>Step 5 : Install the basic and necessary WordPress plugins.</li>
<li>Step 6 : Share your writeup with the world for getting traffic to your blog.</li>
<li>Step 7 : Monetize your blog to make money.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 1 : Pick the blog topic.</h2>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
</ol>
The first and most important step is to pick your topic or niche about which you are master and can write a lots of things. In our daily life, a lots of things are being happened around us. If we notice any of them then number of topics can be generated on which we can blogging.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 2 : Setup of Domain Name, Hosting Service and Wordpress :</h2>
After picking up the topic, the next step is to choose the domain name which can describe your topic. While choosing domain name it is to recommended that choose a<b> .com </b>domain <b>which can easily be pronounced and remembered</b>.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>How to find and register a domain name for free?</b><br />
Check the availability of your domain name : Enter your domain name in box below and click on check availability.<br />
<br />
<iframe class="domain-widget-eftekhar" height="160" scrolling="no" src="//www.bluehost.com/web-hosting/domaincheckapi/?affiliate=eftekhar" width="98%"></iframe>
<br />
<br />
If your domain name is available, you will see this message : <a href="https://www.bluehost.com/track/eftekhar" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Get it FREE with a new hosting account at Bluehost</a>. Click on <b>Next button</b> and you will be redirected to Bluehost Website where you will be asked to provide your account information (such as name, address, email, etc), package information.<br />
<br />
Scroll down and you will see the optional extras packages that you can purchase. It is recommended to un-check all of them, because if you decide that you need them you can purchase them later.<br />
<br />
Next, provide your payment details and click on Submit button to complete the sign-up and purchase process.<br />
<br />
After completing sign-up and purchase, you will receive an email with your login details. Login to your web hosting control panel which is called cPanel, a dashboard where you can manage everything.<br />
<br />
<div class="text-ad">
<div class="titlebox">
<b>Why bluehost ? </b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Powering Over 2 Million Websites</b> Worldwide</li>
<li><b>WordPress Made Easy</b> : #1 recommended web hosting by WordPress.org. Enjoy hassle-free WordPress installation on all accounts.</li>
<li><b>24/7 Support</b> : Trained, in-house experts are here to help 24/7, robust help center includes guides, video tutorials and more.</li>
<li><b>Money-back Guarantee</b> : Try and love, or get a refund within 30 days of signing up. </li>
<li><b>Free SSL Certificate Included</b> : Every website hosted at Bluehost is given a free SSL certificate which protects your website visitors with one click.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<br />
<b>Next, Install WordPress</b><br />
In your dashboard you can see a lots of icons simply ignore them. Scroll down to the website section and then click on the WordPress icon. You can see Bluehost Marketplace Quick Install screen for WordPress. Click on the ‘Get Started’ button to continue.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="install-wordpress-bluhost-start-a-website" border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaH1zNKr5tfHbdLiKH84WfiM3wh8uNoGDRrhd1wcxk5qi47o0RdrWZDkXxWuQI2U9QdG_UqwBOvRiiG2RXch-LjXtFhSYgBd_1OyPDn5kw6lIF6i9PO3WcLBmqLeITwPLUP7h-Eh1DgZG/s1600/bluehost-dashboard.png" title="install-wordpress-bluhost-start-a-website" /></div>
<br />
Next, you will be asked to select your domain name. Choose your domain from the drop down field and then click Next. You will also asked to enter your website name, admin username, and a password for your website which can be changed later in WordPress settings.<br />
<br />
Next, Check all the check boxes on the screen and then click on the ‘Install’ button to continue. Quick Install will now start installing WordPress on your website. Once the installation is over, a success message will be displayed like this<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="install-wordpress-bluhost-start-a-website" border="0" data-original-height="109" data-original-width="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUFWfgeKr7ksaP7JiLLjM6NO88M5f1Jytyn-udxQtKbl_NFJ2yu3zguPL17y6ZpnZkZbcEef1nuwef9rptfztAthpd0A124HZbwuQjg-i96-9PYIrPR7AmXlp85dy_G1RL1QTPm2JcPT5L/s1600/install-wordpress-02.png" title="install-wordpress-bluhost-start-a-website" /></div>
<br />
Next, click on the Installation Complete link.You have successfully created your Self Hosted WordPress Blog Congratulations!<br />
<br />
Now you can login to your WordPress site using the admin user-name and password you have entered earlier. You can login with the login URL like this :<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>www.YourBlogName.com/wp-admin</b></blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="wp-admin-login-page" border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxVB3CwnN-d-Hn-C_EysSaTZUgR8Rgb56cGFZGdwyCvrNmxvJk-yA6BZnxvkSAz2xnwJ5kuYoaFSwwRib5B4Cl243mlJ2pRb5QADtVC4qAzH4RvhWO5lg7MBthvJlkwNAKxLCxbt7CIopJ/s1600/wp-admin-login.png" title="wp-admin-login-page" /></div>
<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 3 : Setup the design of the blog. Select Theme to change your site’s design.</h2>
The theme ensures that how your site looks on the front-end, i.e. what a visitor sees when they visit to your site on the web. A WordPress theme changes the design of your website, often including its layout. There are thousands of free WordPress themes are available for the beginner you can also purchase the premium theme of wordpress later.<br />
<br />
You can change your theme from the WordPress admin dashboard by visiting <b>Appearance » Themes</b> page and then click on the ‘Add New’ button.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="wordpress-theme" border="0" data-original-height="361" data-original-width="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxn2WjpWQxT6ibq-qDza9flLx_E6uxG4ZEeLWgrSivOaq2micvqAL0p-2HTLKKyyLr2RZPYXzllPBcGukPAR0j7j-lbfciBqEM6Ak9-rFLa_mNDsUJ7YHzyISiCq4usBK9PwSXoHK5G2T7/s1600/wordpress-theme.png" title="wordpress-theme" /></div>
<br />
You don’t need to finalize all theme settings right now. You can see the demo of your website. Don't worry about the looks of your website, as after adding the contents in your website you will be able to customize it much better.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 4 : Add Content to Your Site. Write your first blog post.</h2>
There are two type of contents can be added in wordpress <b>Posts and Pages</b>.<br />
Posts are part of blog and appear in reverse-chronological order (newer items displayed first) and Pages are static type content such as about page, contact us page, privacy policy, etc.<br />
<br />
<div>
<div>
Pages can be added by going to <b>Pages » Add New page</b> in WordPress admin area. Provide a title for page, add content (text, links, images, embed videos, audio, etc) in the text editor and click on the publish button to make it live on website.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Now, go to <b>Posts » Add New</b> in WordPress admin area, and this screen will be seen.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="wordpress-blog-post" border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVC5hqKjPQP6ovt6vLeyTCF69KsGLLLuRnrKJXDpFhaXg2JhwW1Q_Om812UwvbhkHxkhoCNGUxK15LQg0BYceT2km7VeGZfOYhqYKcuu5HLD0eBWoREbOJNDO3ZQkW9gJ-diYzayVebjfo/s1600/wordpress-blog-post.png" title="wordpress-blog-post" /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Accordingly, add a title of post and content in the post editor. You can define the Categories and Tags for your blog post. For example I wrote this Post under Blogging Category with tag Blogging. </div>
<div>
Next, click on the publish button to make it visible on site.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 5 : Install the basic and necessary WordPress plugins.</h2>
There are thousands of Plugin is available on wordpree but some of basic and necessary plugin must be installed, like WordPress SEO by Yoast and WP Super Cache (for Optimization). For Security of website install Updraft Plus and Sucuri.<br />
<br />
Plugin can be installed by going to <b>Plugin » Add New </b>in WordPress admin area, search the plugin by name and click on Install or Activate.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 6 : Share your writeup with the world for getting traffic to your blog.</h2>
This step is most important for new website. Share your blog post to the different social network and make the world know about your writeup. I personally recommend to use <a href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Md-Eftekhar-Alam" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Quora</a> for answering the questions which are related to your blog post with link of your post. This is the best way to get traffic to your newly created blog.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Step 7 : Monetize your blog to make money.</h2>
This is the last step, monetize our blog once you have good number of posts and visitors through following monetization techniques :<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>CPC, CPM based advertisements like <b>Adsense.</b></li>
<li><b>Affiliate marketing</b>. One of the most popular methods for monetizing a blog. Affiliate marketing is to promote the product in your website and if someone buy the product through your promoted link then you will get some percentage of sell amount as commission. </li>
</ul>
<b>Now you may think that what are ways to decide whether to use affiliate marketing or Google AdSense on my website?</b><br />
<br />
So, It depends on the niche of your Blog. Choosing Affiliate marketing in a niche based Blog is good. Niche means the topic of your Blog. If your Blog is about an particular topic then affiliate marketing is good for you. For example, you write about the fashion, then promoting and recommending the fashion related products on your blog will grab the attention of your reader.<br />
<br />
But if your blog is a multi niche then affiliate marketing may be not so good for you, means you can not convert visitors to buyers. In this type of website CPC and APM based advertising is good like AdSense. For example, the blog you are reading now i..e improving knowledge is a multi niche where articles are from different topics. I have tried affiliate marketing in this blog but that not make good money. As you can see my blog is monetized with AdSense which is making good money.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Final Thoughts / Conclusion</h2>
There's a lot of content in this guide. Maybe you feel a bit overwhelmed.<br />
So let me make it even easier :<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Come up with a good topic and name for your blog or website.</li>
<li>Take 10 minutes and make good use of the <a href="https://www.bluehost.com/track/eftekhar" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">special deal from Bluehost. Sign up and get a 50% discount on your web hosting plus a free domain name</a>.</li>
<li>Bookmark this page and go through each steps and apply them one by one.</li>
</ol>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-51087244447995357742019-05-15T16:44:00.000+05:302019-05-21T13:51:41.527+05:30What are the Secrets about Blood Group and Rh Factor<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="firstcharacter">H</span>umans have possible four general <b>blood group types</b>: <b>A, B, AB and O;</b> this classification is derived according to scientists from proteins which are found on the surface of cells which are designed to fight off bacteria and viruses in the human body.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><span style="color: blue;">Read: </span></b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2016/10/15-interesting-facts-of-human-body-must-know.html" target="_blank">15 interesting facts of Human Body you must know</a></blockquote>
The <b>Rh factor</b> (<b>Rh blood type chart</b>) is a protein that can be present on the surface of<b> red blood cells</b>.<br />
<br />
Most people have the Rh factor—they are Rh positive.<br />
Others do not have the Rh factor—they are Rh negative.<br />
<br />
<table>
<tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2">BLOOD GROUP TYPE AND RH </th> </tr>
<tr><td>Blood Type and RH </td> <td>How Many People have it?</td></tr>
<tr><td>O+ </td> <td>40%</td></tr>
<tr><td>O-</td> <td>7%</td></tr>
<tr><td>B+</td> <td>34%</td></tr>
<tr><td>B-</td> <td>6%</td></tr>
<tr><td>A+</td> <td>8%</td></tr>
<tr><td>A-</td> <td>1%</td></tr>
<tr><td>AB+</td> <td>3%</td></tr>
<tr><td>AB-</td> <td>1%</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="background-color: white;"><br /></b>
<span style="background-color: white;"><b>Conclusion </b>f</span><span style="background-color: white;">rom the above facts that the <b>most needed blood type</b> is A- and AB-</span><br />
<span style="color: #4c1130;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="color: #4c1130;"><i>According to a Japanese institute that does research on blood types, there are certain personality traits that seem to match up with certain blood types. </i></span><br />
<span style="color: #4c1130;"><i><b>How do you rate?</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 87%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 27.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 27.0pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 103.1pt;" width="137"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">TYPE O</span></b><span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 27.0pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 4.25in;" width="408"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You
want to be a leader, and when you see something you want, you keep striving
until you achieve your goal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You
are a trend-setter, loyal, passionate, and self-confident. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Your
weaknesses include vanity and jealously and a tendency to be too competitive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 31.5pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 103.1pt;" width="137"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">TYPE A</span></b><span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 31.5pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 4.25in;" width="408"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You
like harmony, peace and organization. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You
work well with others, and are sensitive, patient and affectionate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Among
your weaknesses are stubbornness and an inability to relax.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 21.0pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 103.1pt;" width="137"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">TYPE B</span></b><span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 21.0pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 4.25in;" width="408"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">You're
a rugged individualist, who's straightforward and likes to do things your own
way. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Creative
and flexible, you adapt easily to any situation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">But
your insistence on being independent can sometimes go too far and become a
weakness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 21.0pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 103.1pt;" width="137"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">TYPE AB</span></b><span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 21.0pt; padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 4.25in;" width="408"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Cool
and controlled, you're generally well liked and always put people at ease.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> You're a natural entertainer who's tactful
and fair. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 7.5pt 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 14.0pt;">But
you're standoffish, blunt, and have difficulty making decisions.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "consolas"; font-size: 20pt;"> </span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="what-are-the-secrets-about-blood-group-and-rh-factor" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWhyphenhyphenuT5XU15EU0dShepRfnqoS2Mz3lexU97GhBrNyLdR4JAoRdDHvxTPpzI1LTQRJl_XpqVQYOUZWH9tdp62FZemOgPPX0-43ccHV1vH_dDpzLy-01lQw3GJA6AWehRWMylxUSBXgCiRf6/s1600/blood-group-rh-improve-knowledge.png" title="what-are-the-secrets-about-blood-group-and-rh-factor" /></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Blood types who can give to who (Check what type of blood you can receive):</h4>
</div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr> <th colspan="9">You Can Receive blood from </th> </tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Type</b></td>
<td>O-</td>
<td>O+ </td>
<td>B- </td>
<td>B+ </td>
<td>A- </td>
<td>A+ </td>
<td>AB- </td>
<td>AB+ </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AB+</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AB-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A+</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B+</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>O+</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>O-</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-41772585856029192352019-04-23T17:09:00.000+05:302019-05-22T11:21:42.329+05:30Understanding the Technology all around us<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The <b>use of science</b> to provide new and better machines and ways of doing things is called technology.<br />
<br />
Every day, we use technology in one of its many different forms. Let us try to understand the technologies all around us here are a few of them.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Mechanical Technology</h2>
Mechanical technology is the design, production, and use of machines like wind-up clocks and other appliances that do not use electrical, electronic, or computer technology.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmt38o2enKaujHsBmrYwXRY6UqUGvLylBs1Oz772zDD2vw5kxvZQwtOI7SskQJdbIymytAO0cZTjSf8XtZ7eeTc4KtulpYbVpnWIzz6i_-3XeGICmtTc-DqfS8cWVpxL2i-bpHc51G2_0/s400/mechanical-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Chemical Technology </h2>
When the science of chemistry is used to turn raw materials into more useful things like plastics, cosmetics, or drugs, this is called chemical technology.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS_qJYymSApmEf33jvCEPvCge5G4hsayBe_lEC6F_z6qdBX0cBc5s1kZR-U1ihhvff9sv3Bg3Hz45raNNLNHRGzyjAfl7wv0I7sszOfZLI9IFN5dSIDHoN0W3JLloSc9FT7R0kF18vMPiY/s400/chemical-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Electrical Technology </h2>
Technology that deals with electrical circuits and equipment is known as electrical technology. It is commonly used in the design and construction of machines and power grids.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiK1A2URH5THv_NPa5TVT6IFC_p6ndvAYAb6VjnWfZEdxtrQlwoqRfde88UtYrMSHLH8xK66kw9Ftzvk7LW2rNFlByXJfS2KiwOFe5h8ugWcf8wlfAh0aV_SX0-a8BeOYKPrNxgVz-lQOk/s400/electrical-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Digital Technology </h2>
In digital technology, information is recorded using combinations of 0 and 1 to represent words and pictures. This system allows huge amounts of data to be squeezed into tiny spaces.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgApxnIsoAulSNAJ7U4UJQnyOsav1vPk2LJP3sNZpAfz_z7Oc6iGDNgSwHd8CWFdinsXtc14If53V-a1l3R-YgTuYfIfR17RsVZzXMA2CykCcvP0iY3g0cJtgpOR2gUIUuY_1TEQ5hZTL-W/s400/digital-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Information Technology </h2>
The study, design, and use of electronic information systems is known as information technology. The term covers machines like computers (hardware) and the programs they run (software).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocc38RcEV9OmaFRMoHbdWYWl99bk0gAaRjUnSFlJSE_G0HatpNvkAqZ4Tphhk3RiYbJFZuQ9nKyScYi9-A61zZvyYgI3ncAYe4o6CvsSo7lxCvoS5y7WdGcuu3AIGl1voJUjiq0nyNFGO/s400/information-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Read: </b><a href="https://improving-knowledge.blogspot.com/2019/04/sign-in-with-your-phone-instead-of-password.html" target="_blank">How to Sign-in to Google account just by unlocking your mobile instead of password</a></blockquote>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Biotechnology Technology </h2>
This term refers to technology that is based on biology—the study of living things. Biotechnology is commonly used in agriculture and food production. Genetic engineering is biotechnology.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gtGFF6B66LLKxlMu13CVymT6DVzAeToSMJZSvEybpLIHmzHMfHGjtC7msU2Xh-M8csnCAxULbHqUFyLC1LD34Ozm6R_wbGsxghnGnwiSnpSdrg0o_bNmWtlbR9vjlMbwU_ahB571oPhK/s400/bio-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Medical Technology </h2>
Anything (like a tool, machine, process, or substance) that is used to diagnose, observe, treat, cure, or prevent people’s illnesses or injuries come under the heading of medical technology.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntj0d1A0NL42l6y4Kl2Qwi4qXhoboJ1mW4V2pfHiu_4pHHfHfKUWkkD74iKuMDgX7e9ykQvuI_E3kNs_MPGxvmu6FT8ZReVDmmMHPuQ_rL6hpBKwYa4oTlQbZKNizjed82GmO1XmfgQ37/s400/medical-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Nano-technology </h2>
Modern science can create materials and simple machines much too small for you to see under a normal microscope.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVgQIX1dznIg3m0wNXGCCH5wL2Swxo0eX-RhB4ZU4LSpPJkwNGq3VCOGQLdlewK24B59pByxb9O6_5jVB-Ev9E0Hr1Gx_pu7tXjhSyi2vD8R6Ey4Wu8qCbSIUeIliaejapGP9NfSEOmYb6/s400/nano-technology-improve-knowledge-.jpg" /></div>
<br />
This nanotechnology is used in products like special sunscreens and textiles.<br />
<br />
<b><i>Share it with your friends.</i></b>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-37943180249022939712019-04-22T13:27:00.000+05:302019-05-28T10:41:41.925+05:30Why dates are so important in the study of history ? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
There was a time when <b>historians were fascinated with dates</b>. There were heated debates about the dates on which rulers were crowned or battles were fought. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div>
<br />
History is certainly about changes that occur over time. It is about finding out how things were in the past and how things have changed. As soon as we compare the past with the present <b>we refer to time</b>, we talk of “before” and “after”.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img alt="why-dates-are-so-important-in-the-study of history" border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="540" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBtjT4StoDUmAk0VhBBVky5MOKcJ_e_pEmxgI3RScln0YUTtRZjV58UKg89EWkl6m_66SXc3k99ByABP8MGqYfXEVUz8YmINpzWRi0JLv_DRQFGp12E7sgdh4dkZ_R3a-ociowwNCoqdNJ/s1600/why-dates-are-so-important-in-the-study+of+history.jpg" title="why-dates-are-so-important-in-the-study of history" /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Living in the world we do not always ask historical questions about what we see around us. We take things for granted, as if what we see has always been in the world we inhabit. </div>
<br />
<ol>
<li>But most of us have our moments of wonder, when we are curious, and we ask questions that actually are historical. </li>
<li>Watching someone sip a cup of tea at a roadside tea stall we may wonder –<b> when did people begin to drink tea or coffee?</b> </li>
<li>Looking out of the window of a train we may ask – <b>when were railways built and how did people travel long distances before the age of railways?</b></li>
<li>Reading the newspaper in the morning we may be curious to know how people got to hear about things <b>before newspapers began to be printed</b>.</li>
</ol>
<br />
All such historical questions refer us back to notions of time. By what criteria do we choose a set of dates as important? <br />
<br />
The dates we select, the dates around which we compose our story of the past, are not important on their own. They become vital because we focus on a particular set of events as important. If our focus of study changes, if we begin to look at new issues, a new set of dates will appear significant.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-81399527130805191322019-04-10T10:05:00.000+05:302019-06-21T10:48:40.910+05:30How to download selected multiple photos from Google Photos app to android phone<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="firstcharacter">G</span><b>oogle photos</b> is the great way and the best option for getting <b>backup </b>of your <b>photos and videos</b>. After backup, using its web interface on a <b>desktop </b>you can download the photo albums on your computer. For downloading the photos from google photos to your computer, just follow the following steps :-</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Click on an album</b> and then click on the three vertical dots at the top right. </li>
<li>You’ll see an option called <b>Download All</b>. </li>
<li>This will download all the photos and videos in that album in<b> ZIP format</b>. </li>
<li>The <b>only problem</b> with this method is that you can’t use it to download any photos and videos you upload from the <b>Google Photos app on your phone or tablet</b>. </li>
</ol>
</div>
<img alt="download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEFrEEhZKripGSFBph4lKeFNtc8kQv2ZQeyambLYCJZ7qLA1nBphyhYtvQaUjXQkR_CLLGDWcjaMu3b_N4x-0w00g73_md3paolB8kga6ec2zldBfzoqwOXgq5m1Jkl4cM7pA8m8XDKdY/s1600/download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge-1.jpg" title="download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge" /><br />
<div>
<br />
<div>
<b>Google Photos</b><span style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b>doesn’t offers the functionality to multiple selected photos or </span><span style="text-align: justify;">batch </span><span style="text-align: justify;">download photos using its <b>app on Android</b>. </span>But if you want to download the <b>mutliple and selected photos</b> from google photos app <b>to phone</b>, just follow the steps below :-<br />
<div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Install <b>Solid Explorer</b> from <b>Google Play</b> (Note: 14-day trial period). </li>
<li>Open <b>Google Photos app</b> and simply <b>select multiple photos</b>. </li>
<li>Then tap the ‘<b>Share</b>’ menu and select “<b>Save to..” (Solid Explorer) </b>option. </li>
<li>In Share as, tap on ‘<b>Actual size</b>’ option. </li>
<li>The <b>downloading will start</b> and you’ll be asked to choose a directory/ folder for saving the photo in internal storage. </li>
<li>Just <b>select the desired location</b> and the <b>files will be saved</b> which <b>you can view in gallery</b>. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<img alt="download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo7kXWiMrqnL77MEifolGpnEBwQO-4kR9mdLIWDxAzEV9sMlEO4X8onw7gdlH8RcfdEBMcAk8R5LfqRcZB7djetJGtJBjwQOQC7ikYjIDD06VfUFQfddziMlhTdHjT-xypnzc6l21O3obf/s1600/download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge-2.jpg" title="download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><th style="text-align: left;"><b> How to download all photos and video</b>
</th></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
To <b>download all</b> pictures and videos, you have to use the method called <b>Google Takeout</b>. There are two ways you can go about getting to Google Takeout. </div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The <b>easiest way</b> is to follow the link <b>https://takeout.google.com/settings/takeout.</b></li>
<li>The another method is to go to<b> Google.com</b> and then click on your <b>profile picture</b> at the top right.</li>
<li>Click on<b> My Account</b> and this will bring you to a kind of dashboard for all settings related to your Google account.</li>
<li>Under the <b>Personal info & privacy heading</b>, click on <b>Control your content</b>.</li>
<li>You’ll see a <b>Download your data</b> box and a Create Archive link.</li>
<li>The <b>next screen is going to be the same as if you had followed the link mentioned above</b>. </li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<img alt="download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3RlbsksX0gK-gyT61RqY3ZqtrEocqt5cvrrkAXdTM4eRG9hjOZacnCTup-kfiQvXgnX2sKI2sA7EXlfyxRjyJGEJFRSV_4bF6K03-3LczbSl9DBRrrecRRLU7wxjqlW8mWlY-zOaXftu/s1600/google-takeout-improve-knowledge.jpg" title="download-selected-multiple-photo-from-google-photos-app-to-android-phone-improve-knowledge" /><br />
<br />
<b>After that, follow the below steps:-</b></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Here you can <b>choose what data</b> to include in your archive. <b>By default, everything is selected</b>. </li>
<li>Go ahead and click on the Select none button and then click on the toggle button next to <b>Google Photos</b>.</li>
<li>You can click on the down arrow and choose Select photo albums if you want to select individual albums. </li>
<li>Note that if you have uploaded a lot of pictures and videos from your phone,<b> Google Photos</b> automatically creates albums that are named by the date.</li>
<li>On the next screen, you have to choose the format you want to use for the archive. If you use ZIP, anything over 2 GB will be split into multiple ZIP files. </li>
<li>By default, you’ll get an email with a link to <b>download the files</b> once the archive has been created. </li>
<li>If you want, you can also directly save the archive to Google Drive, Dropbox or OneDrive, which is kind of nice.</li>
<li>Click the <b>Create archive</b> button and the process will begin. </li>
<li>You can close the web browser and the process will continue in the background.</li>
<li>You can always go back to Google Takeout and then click on Manage Archives to view the progress.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
Hope you found the above guide useful for downloading the photos and videos from Google Photos. <b>Please share it.</b></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10193169816704150255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4121140913049621516.post-17809284765943166522019-04-08T13:21:00.000+05:302019-05-07T13:40:23.026+05:30How to convert Number to Words of Rupees in Excel<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Microsoft excel </b>is being widely used software today as it provides a variety of tools for creating a best <b>spreadsheet</b>. In Excel you can do a lots of things according to your convenience which can make you smarter in doing your daily work in spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
In this post regarding microsoft excel help, you will learn that how a figure or <b>numeric value</b> of <b>Indian Rupees </b>can be converted to its equivalent <b>word of Rupees</b>.<br />
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Follow the steps to Convert Number to Words of Rupees in Excel.<br />
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Step 1 : Open MS Excel</span></b></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Step 2 : Press <span style="color: blue;">Alt+F11</span></span></b></span></li>
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<li><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Step 3 : </span><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Paste this code</span></span></b></li>
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<pre><span style="font-family: inherit;">Function SpellNumber(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Temp
Dim Rupees, Paise
Dim DecimalPlace, Count
ReDim Place(9) As String
Place(2) = " Thousand "
Place(3) = " lakh "
Place(4) = " Crore "
' Convert MyNumber to a string, trimming extra spaces.
MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber))
' Find decimal place.
DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".")
' If we find decimal place...
If DecimalPlace > 0 Then
' Convert Paise
Temp = Left(Mid(MyNumber, DecimalPlace + 1) & "00", 2)
' Hi! Note the above line Mid function it gives right portion
' after the decimal point
'if only . and no numbers such as 789. accures, mid returns nothing
' to avoid error we added 00
' Left function gives only left portion of the string with specified places here 2
Paise = ConvertTens(Temp)
' Strip off paise from remainder to convert.
MyNumber = Trim(Left(MyNumber, DecimalPlace - 1))
End If
Count = 1
If MyNumber <> "" Then
' Convert last 3 digits of MyNumber to Indian Rupees.
Temp = ConvertHundreds(Right(MyNumber, 3))
If Temp <> "" Then Rupees = Temp & Place(Count) & Rupees
If Len(MyNumber) > 3 Then
' Remove last 3 converted digits from MyNumber.
MyNumber = Left(MyNumber, Len(MyNumber) - 3)
Else
MyNumber = ""
End If
End If
' convert last two digits to of mynumber
Count = 2
Do While MyNumber <> ""
Temp = ConvertTens(Right("0" & MyNumber, 2))
If Temp <> "" Then Rupees = Temp & Place(Count) & Rupees
If Len(MyNumber) > 2 Then
' Remove last 2 converted digits from MyNumber.
MyNumber = Left(MyNumber, Len(MyNumber) - 2)
Else
MyNumber = ""
End If
Count = Count + 1
Loop
' Clean up dollars.
Select Case Rupees
Case ""
Rupees = "-"
Case "One"
Rupees = "One Rupee"
Case Else
Rupees = Rupees & " Rupees"
End Select
' Clean up cents.
Select Case Paise
Case ""
Paise = ""
Case "One"
Paise = " And One Paise"
Case Else
Paise = " And " & Paise & " Paise"
End Select
SpellNumber = Rupees & Paise
End Function
Private Function ConvertDigit(ByVal MyDigit)
Select Case Val(MyDigit)
Case 1: ConvertDigit = "One"
Case 2: ConvertDigit = "Two"
Case 3: ConvertDigit = "Three"
Case 4: ConvertDigit = "Four"
Case 5: ConvertDigit = "Five"
Case 6: ConvertDigit = "Six"
Case 7: ConvertDigit = "Seven"
Case 8: ConvertDigit = "Eight"
Case 9: ConvertDigit = "Nine"
Case Else: ConvertDigit = ""
End Select
End Function
Private Function ConvertHundreds(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Result As String
' Exit if there is nothing to convert.
If Val(MyNumber) = 0 Then Exit Function
' Append leading zeros to number.
MyNumber = Right("000" & MyNumber, 3)
' Do we have a hundreds place digit to convert?
If Left(MyNumber, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = ConvertDigit(Left(MyNumber, 1)) & " Hundred "
End If
' Do we have a tens place digit to convert?
If Mid(MyNumber, 2, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = Result & ConvertTens(Mid(MyNumber, 2))
Else
' If not, then convert the ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Mid(MyNumber, 3))
End If
ConvertHundreds = Trim(Result)
End Function
Private Function ConvertTens(ByVal MyTens)
Dim Result As String
' Is value between 10 and 19?
If Val(Left(MyTens, 1)) = 1 Then
Select Case Val(MyTens)
Case 10: Result = "Ten"
Case 11: Result = "Eleven"
Case 12: Result = "Twelve"
Case 13: Result = "Thirteen"
Case 14: Result = "Fourteen"
Case 15: Result = "Fifteen"
Case 16: Result = "Sixteen"
Case 17: Result = "Seventeen"
Case 18: Result = "Eighteen"
Case 19: Result = "Nineteen"
Case Else
End Select
Else
' .. otherwise it's between 20 and 99.
Select Case Val(Left(MyTens, 1))
Case 2: Result = "Twenty "
Case 3: Result = "Thirty "
Case 4: Result = "Forty "
Case 5: Result = "Fifty "
Case 6: Result = "Sixty "
Case 7: Result = "Seventy "
Case 8: Result = "Eighty "
Case 9: Result = "Ninety "
Case Else
End Select
' Convert ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Right(MyTens, 1))
End If
ConvertTens = Result
End Function</span></pre>
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b>Step 4 : Save & Close. You have done it</b></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left; text-indent: -24px;"><b>Now, convert like this by calling the function spellNumber.</b></span></li>
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